I'm like a BIRD I wanna fly away I don't know where my home is.

Question 1

what’s probably the ancestor to the bird?

Answer 1

Theropod dinosaur

Question 2

what are shared characteristics between birds and dinosaur ancestor?

Answer 2

• bipedal - 3 hind toes
• carnivorous
• 4 chambered heart
• similar lungs
• feathered
• hollow bones
• parental care of eggs and juveniles

Question 3

Characteristics of a archeopetryx

Answer 3

• crow-sized
• feathers
• wings
• teeth
• bony tail

Question 4

How many species of birds are there?

Answer 4

9600

Question 5

characteristics of birds

Answer 5

amniotes

Question 6

characteristics of birds

Answer 6

endoterhmic

Question 7

characteristics of birds

Answer 7

4 chambered heart

Question 8

characteristics of birds

Answer 8

completely separate pulmonary and systemic circuits

Question 9

characteristics of birds

Answer 9

feathers

Question 10

characteristics of birds

Answer 10

most can fly

Question 11

characteristics of birds

Answer 11

diverse beaks = diverse diets

Question 12

thermoregulation definition

Answer 12

body temperature control

Question 13

Ectotherms

Answer 13

• absorb external heat

- depend on environment

Question 14

most mammals are

Answer 14

ectothers

Question 15

Endotherms

Answer 15

generate their own internal heat through metabolic process

Question 16

How do endotherms generate heat?

Answer 16

Less efficient at transforming energy

Question 17

metabolic rate is the …

Answer 17

sum of ALL energy expenditures

Question 18

It was thought that the metabolic rate of lizards would _____ as temperatures increased

Answer 18

increase

Question 19

In the field, what was the body temperature of a lizard?

Answer 19

the lizard maintained its body temperature at a different temperature than its environment

Question 20

How does a lizard maintain its body temperature between upper and lower limits?

Answer 20

by moving between hot and cold microhabitats

Question 21

what are the three types of thermoregulation?

Answer 21

1. behavioural
2. physiological
3. physical

Question 22

Example of physiological thermoregulation

Answer 22

human thermostat

• if temperature is too high: sweat - evaporative cooling
• temperature is too cold: decrease blood flow to periphery, shivering

Question 23

Behavioural thermoregulation

Answer 23

orientation relative to heat source - basking, huddling and varying contact with heat surface
- moving locations throughout the day

Question 24

Physical thermoregulation

Answer 24

• insulation (fur, feathers, fat)
• colour
• ratio of surface area to volume

Question 25

Flying and endothermy demand large amounts of...

Answer 25

oxygen

Question 26

Describe the Respiratory system of a bird

Answer 26

- unidirectional flow of air through lungs

Question 27

ventilation in birds: breath 1

Answer 27

- air is drawn into the posterior air sacs | - air is propelled through the lungs

Question 28

ventilation in birds: breath 2

Answer 28

- same air is drawn into the anterior air sacs | - same air is propelled out through the nares

Question 29

how many cycles does it take for any breath of air to go in and come out?

Answer 29

2 cycles

Question 30

how many times has flight evolved?

Answer 30

4 times

Question 31

in what organisms did the evolution of flight occur in?

Answer 31

- insects - pterosaurs - birds - BATS (only flying mammal)

Question 32

Convergent evolution are similarities due to

Answer 32

common environment but not a common ancestor

Question 33

Adaptations for flight

Answer 33

hollow bones

Question 34

Adaptations for flight

Answer 34

sternum enlarged and keeled

Question 35

Adaptations for flight

Answer 35

increases surface area for attachment of large flight muscles

Question 36

Adaptations for flight

Answer 36

feathers - theropod dinosaurs had feathers for insulation

Question 37

what is the function of feathers

Answer 37

insulation, flight, sensory structures, lining nests

Question 38

what are feathers composed of?

Answer 38

keratin - derived from scales

Question 39

how do wings enable flight?

Answer 39

- object changes air flow pattern and creates lift | - particles must move faster to get over bump - accelerated flow around an airfoil

Question 40

Chukars

Answer 40

- hatchlings run from danger often up steep inclines - they flap their wings - angel of wing flapping created traction rather than lift = "wing-assisted incline running" - this perhaps then evolved into FLYING