Fungi Flashcards by Cass T

fungi can be either a …

friend or a foe

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What do the absorptive heterotrphs release?

They release enzymes that digest dead or decaying material - suck in nutrients

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Most fungi are…

decomposers

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the cell wall of fungi is made of up…

chitin and glucans

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are fungi multicellular or unicellular?

multicellular

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most fungi are…

terrestrial

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fungi produce…

spores both sexually and asexually

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most fungi have a f________

filamentous body plan

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What are hyphae?

long branched filaments

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tangled mass of hyphae = ???

mycelium

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Filmentous structure provides larger ____ ____

surface area

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In many species, hyphae are divided into cell-like compartments by ….

porous septae

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If there are no septae, the species is considered

coenocytic

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How do mycellia get into plants that root can’t reach?

because they are super thin

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Saprphytic

decomposers of dead material

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commensal

+/0

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mutalistic

+/+

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parasitic

+/-

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Where do most fungi grow?

underground

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what percent of land plants have an association with fungi?

90%

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Mycorrhiza?

mutualistic association between fungus and plant roots

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what are the two types of mycorrhiza

ecto and endo

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ecto-mycorrhiza is when the hyphae…

extend into soil and between plant cells

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endo-mycorrhiza is when hypae grow…

through cell walls

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what is one organism that fungi shares a mutualistic relationship with?

Lichens

Lichens are pioneer species in...

newly formed habitiats

What do lichens do?

they break down rock to form soil and tolerate extreme climates

LIchens supply ___ for tundra animals

food

Lichens are known as "air pollution indicators" because..

they are sensitive to toxins in air

Another organism that fungi have mutalisitc relationships with ...

leaf cutter ants

leaf cutter ants supplies what to hyphae?

food and protection

how do fruiting bodies produce spores?

through meiosis

what are spores?

unicellular reproductive strucutres that are generated asexually or sexually

what's an example of a fruiting body that produces spores by meiosis

mushroom gill

What's mitosis?

production of 2 genetically identical daughter cells - haploid or diploid

the production of four genetically different daughter cells

meiosis

dipoid

2 copies of each gene - 2 matching chromosomes

Examples of asexual reproduction

- budding | - fission

where are spores produced?

sporangia

conidia

naked spores

where do conidia form?

at the tips of hyphae

how are spores commonly dispered?

by wind and water

when did the fungi flourish?

during permian era

fungi are closely related to...

animals

How many known species of fungi are there?

100,000

What is yeast?

unicellular fungi

Yeast belongs to many groups such as...

zygo-, asco-, and basidio-mycota

do yeasts have plasmids?

yes.

how do yeasts reproduce?

asexually - budding or fission

the relationship between microspordia and other eukaryotes is easy to understand or has puzzled taxonomists for decades?

has puzzled taxonomists for decade

Microspordia are multicellular or unicellular?

unicellular

what do microspordia have instead of mitochonrdia?

mitosomes

what is the difference between mitosome and mitochondria?

mitosomes lack DNA

Chytrids are p...

paraphyletic

How many species of chytrids are there?

chytrids are mainly ... a...

aquatic

Chytrids are the only group with ...

motile stage

Chytrids have both u...

unicellular and multicelluar stages

Chytrids are the only fungi with ...

alternating life cycles

example of Zygomycota

bread mold

What type of life cycle do zygomycota have

haplontic life cycle

How many species of glomeromycota are there?

fewer than 200!

what do glomeromycota form with plants?

arbuscular endomycorrhizae

what do glomeromycota transfer to plants?

phosphorous

glomeromycota show to increase tolerance to ___ and ____

stress and pathogens

is there a known sexual stage in glomeromycota life cycle?

no.

basidiomycota is the

club fungi

basidiomycota can be both ...

terrestrial and aquatic

how many species of basidiomycota are there

around 30,000 species

basidiomycota is the only group to completely ____ lignin

digest

Ascomycota is the

sac fungi

Ascomycota are both

terrestrial and aquatic

how many species of Ascomycota are there?

70,000

what percent of Ascomycota are lichens?

50%

How are conidia produced in specialized hyphae?

asexually

White nose syndrome was first observed in 2006 in bats...

hibernating in a cave in NEW YORK

how many bats have been killed due to white nose syndrome?

7 million bats

Fungi Flashcards

(77 cards)