Organismal Biology

Question 1

animals are eukaryotic, which means they have…

Answer 1

• “true nucleus”

- membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

what does it mean to be heterotrophic?

Answer 2

different feeding

Question 3

what do heterotrophic organisms use as energy and carbon source?

Answer 3

organic materials

Question 4

what are the modes of feeding?

Answer 4

• predators
• herbivores
• filter feeders
• parasites
• detritivores
• omnivores

Question 5

Most animals have an ___ digestion

Answer 5

internal

Question 6

aniamls guts are

Answer 6

internal and continuous with the outside environment and permits internal digestion of food items

Question 7

having multiple cells (multicellularity) means…

Answer 7

cells can become specialized to carry out specific functions and can grow in size

Question 8

animals don’t cell walls so how do they support their body?

Answer 8

• hydrostatic skeleton
• exoskeleton
• endoskeleton

Question 9

hydrostatic skeleton

Answer 9

muscles contract against fluid-filled cavity

Question 10

example of an animal with a hydrostatic skeleton

Answer 10

earth worms

Question 11

exoskeleton

Answer 11

non-living covering that does not grow with animal

- ex: moulting animals

Question 12

Endoskeleton

Answer 12

internal support

-vertebrates (living tissue)

Question 13

whats the importance of mobility at some life stage?

Answer 13

• movement reduces competition

- enhances genetic diversity

Question 14

Somatic (body cells) are ….

Answer 14

diploid

Question 15

animals are ???

Answer 15

diplontic

Question 16

fungi are???

Answer 16

haplontic

Question 17

plants are???

Answer 17

alternating

Question 18

what are tissues?

Answer 18

groups of similar cells organized into a functional unit

Question 19

what type of tissues are there?

Answer 19

• muscular
• nervous
• connective
• epithelial

Question 20

what type of connective tissues are there?

Answer 20

• reticular
• adipose
• blood
• bone

Question 21

tissues can function together as ___ to complete more complex tasks

Answer 21

ORGANS

Question 22

how many species of animals are there

Answer 22

more than 1 million!

Question 23

how many are invertebrates?

Answer 23

97%

Question 24

when did animals evolve?

Answer 24

late precambrian

Question 25

who are the closest living relatives to animal origins?

Answer 25

colonial choanoflagellate protists

Question 26

what were the first animals?

Answer 26

marine

Question 27

when did the first animals live?

Answer 27

1.2 bya -700 mya

Question 28

when did the cambrian explosion happen?

Answer 28

542 - 490 mya

Question 29

what happened in the cambrian explosion?

Answer 29

- rapid diversification - many new phyla were formed - burgess shale

Question 30

animals are...

Answer 30

monophyletic - Even though most of their charactersitics are shared with some other groups - no other groups share all of these characteristics

Question 31

evidence that animals are monophyletic

Answer 31

- similar gene sequences

Question 32

evidence that animals are monophyletic

Answer 32

- similar extracellular matrix molecules

Question 33

evidence that animals are monophyletic

Answer 33

unique types of junctions between cells

Question 34

what types of junctions between cells are there?

Answer 34

tight junctions

Question 35

what types of junctions between cells are there?

Answer 35

desmosome

Question 36

what types of junctions between cells are there?

Answer 36

gap junction

Question 37

what does porifera mean?

Answer 37

pore bearing

Question 38

how many species of sponges are there?

Answer 38

9000 species

Question 39

most sponges are

Answer 39

marine

Question 40

when are sponges motile?

Answer 40

as larvae

Question 41

sponge morphology is highly...

Answer 41

variable

Question 42

where do waste products go out of the from the sponges?

Answer 42

osculum

Question 43

how do sponges reproduce?

Answer 43

asexually through: FRAGMENTATION and BUDDING

Question 44

what is fragmentation

Answer 44

not self-induced brought about by waves or preators

Question 45

what is budding

Answer 45

clone of parent

Question 46

whats a form of sexual reproduction

Answer 46

hermaphroditic

Question 47

what is hermaphroditic

Answer 47

sperm and eggs are produced in choanocytes of ameobocytes

Question 48

where do eggs develop/

Answer 48

extracellular matrix

Question 49

features of extracellular matrix

Answer 49

- non cellular - collagen, glycoproteins - some support

Question 50

features of spicules

Answer 50

- CaCO3 - SiO2 - provide rigidity

Question 51

features of spongin

Answer 51

- protein fibers | - flexible support