ICVA Exam 2 - Self Assessment + Feedback Flashcards
Questions that you marked (89 cards)
Fifteen percent to 20% of feedlot heifers that recently arrived from several auction markets are anorectic. Physical examination of the heifers shows serous nasal and ocular discharge, short explosive cough, and hyperemia of nasal mucosa. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Atypical interstitial pneumonia
B. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
C. Mucosal disease
D. Pasteurellosis
E. Mycoplasmosis
Answer: B
(Got this question correct but marked as difficult b/c was tripped up by clinical signs)
A 12-year-old spayed female Siamese cat is being evaluated because of poor body condition, weight loss, and polydipsia. Complete blood count shows mild nonregenerative anemia, lymphopenia, and neutropenia. Which of the following tests is most likely to help establish the diagnosis?
A) Blood culture
B) Bone marrow aspiration
C) Coombs’ test
D) Feline infectious peritonitis titer
E) Toxoplasma titer
Answer: B
(Got this questions incorrect; Coomb’s test is for IMHA which would have regenerative anemia; you were tripped up by the c/s in the question and confused it for IMHA)
In cases of pyothorax in the cat, which of the following microorganisms are most frequently cultured from pleural fluid?
A) Chlamydiae
B) Mycoplasmas
C) Obligate anaerobes
D) Spirochetes
E) Yeasts
Answer: C
(Got this question correct but marked as difficult)
This cat has pyothorax which is an accumulation of pus within the pleural cavity. In cats, the most common cause is a bite wound that introduces bacteria into the chest cavity. It can also be seen with migrating foreign body, or extension of pneumonia into the pleural space. At minimum, hospitalization with chest tube, drainage and lavage of the pleural space, and antibiotics are needed. Sometimes surgical exploration is required.
The radiograph shown is from a 6-year-old spayed female Yorkshire Terrier dog that is evaluated because of hematuria. Urine pH is 6.0. Which of the following is the most likely composition of the calculus?
A) Calcium oxalate
B) Gystine
C) Silica
D) Urate
E) Xanthine
Answer: A
(Got this question correct but you were unsure of urine ph range in dog - look this up!!)
A 3-year-old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation. Physical examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and muscle fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During examination, the mare’s hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal temperature is 100.4°F (38.0°C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. Laboratory studies show:
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Equine degenerative myeloneuropathy
B) Equine motor neuron disease
C) Exertional rhabdomyolysis
D) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
E) Tetanus
Answer: D
(Got incorrect, chose answer choice E; the c/s confused me!)
A 10-year-old dog has had difficulty walking for the past week. Findings on physical and neurologic examinations include hypermetria and a decreased hopping reflex in the left fore- and hindlimbs. A lesion is most likely to be found on which of the following structures of the nervous system?
A) Left brainstem
B) Left cerebellum
C) Left cerebrum
D) Right brainstem
E) Right cerebellum
Answer: B
(Got incorrect because forgot about brain lesions!)
A 9-week-old Rottweiler-mix puppy is being evaluated because of an itchy rash around the lips and eyelids. Temperature is 103.3°F (39.6°C). Physical examination shows swelling of the muzzle, pruritic, exudative pustules around the lips and eyelids, and swelling of the submandibular lymph nodes bilaterally. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?
A) Cephalexin and prednisone
B) Clindamycin and carprofen
C) Enrofloxacin and etodolae
D) Topical amitraz
E) Topical betamethasone
Answer: A
(Got correct b/c remembered that this is puppy strangles but fully guessed on what AB works best; figured pred would work good for inflammation; did not want to use enro b/c of cartilage damage in puppies)
In October, six mixed-breed beef cows and three calves are being evaluated because of a one-day history of droopy ears, squinting, rubbing their heads on objects, and ataxia. Four days ago, the cows and calves escaped from their pasture and were found the next day eating the lush clover, buckwheat, and ryegrass in a food plot a neighbor had planted to attract deer to his property. The cattle were returned to their home pens and fed their usual diet of timothy hay and a commercial grain supplement.
Today, vital signs of one affected calf are: temperature 102.5°F (39.2°C), heart rate 85 beats/min, and respiratory rate 35 breaths/min. Examination shows blepharospasm, as well as edema, erythema, serous exudate, and matting of the hair, which are most severe on the ears, eyelids, external nares, and lips. Animals with white faces seem most severely affected. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these findings?
A) Dermatophilosis
B Infectious bovine keratoconjunetivitis
C) Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
D) Primary photosensitization
E) Secondary photosensitization
Answer: D
(Got correct b/c I knew this was photosensitization but always forget what plants are implicated in this disease)
Primary photosensitization - ingestion of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum)
Secondary photosensitization - ingestion of plans + underlying liver disease (Chlorophyll converted to phylloethrin) and not excreted via bilirubin (the way it normally should) –> exposure to sunlight –> damage
A 4-year-old intact female ferret has had lethargy and depression for the past 24 hours. On physical examination, the mucous membranes are extremely pale and the vulva is swollen. Packed cell volume is markedly decreased. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Estrogen toxicity
B Gastric ulceration
C) Gastrointestinal parasitism
D) Hypovitaminosis C
E) Pyometra
Answer: A
(Got correct; based on knowledge way back in the cranium)
Etiology: Prolonged estrus;
- Seen in approximately 50% of un-spayed females if not bred during estrus. Not as common now, since most pet ferrets are sterilized at 6 wks.
Major C/S: Pale mucous membranes, petechiae/ecchymoses of skin, Alopecia, Swollen vulva
Tx:
A. Induce ovulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); this is safest treatment
B. OVH if CBC is normal
A 4-year-old Standardbred stallion is being evaluated because he has been racing poorly for the past two months. On auscultation of the thorax, there is an irregular rate and intensity of heart sounds. An electrocardiogram shows an absence of P waves. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Atrial fibrillation
B) Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia
C) Premature ventricular contractions
D) Ventricular fibrillation
E) Wandering atrial pacemaker
Answer: A
(Got correct; based on knowledge way back in the cranium)
A 4-year-old neutered male cat is in shock two hours after sustaining a small wound in the left flank and a larger wound on the lower right side just caudal to the 13th rib. A projectile injury is suspected. Which of the following conditions is most likely to result from these injuries?
A) Peritonitis
B) Pneumomediastinum
C) Pneumothorax
D) Pyothorax
E) Spinal fracture
Answer: A
(Got incorrect; misunderstood where the injury was - I thought it was saying it was in the thoracic cavity!!)
A 5-year-old Simmental cow who is used as a donor for embryo transfer is evaluated because of the acute onset of anorexia and lethargy. She has been flushed six times; the most recent flushing occurred 10 days ago. Rectal temperature is 104.0°F (40.0°C).
During physical examination, the cow is reluctant to move and periodically kicks at her abdomen. On rectal palpation, the left kidney is grossly enlarged and has a smooth texture. When stimulated to urinate, the urine is grossly hematuric; numerous blood clots and fibrin are present. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?
A) Administration of gentamicin intravenously
B) Administration of procaine penicillin G intramuscularly
C) Long term catheterization of the bladder
D) Surgical removal of the enlarged kidney
E) No treatment is indicated
Answer: A
(Got correct; based on knowledge way back in the cranium; Topic = Pyelonephritis)
In a mare, a 30-day pregnancy is most likely to be detected on rectal examination by which of the following?
A) Absence of ovarian follicles
B) Palpation of the chorionic vesicle
C) Palpation of the corpus luteum
D) Palpation of the fetus.
E) Slipping the fetal membranes
Answer: A
(Got correct; based on knowledge way back in the cranium; Topic = Cardinal Signs of Pregnancy)
- Amniotic vesicle
◦ From day 28 until ~60 days
◦ Membrane around amniotic vesicle called the chorioallantoic membrane - Chorioallantoic membrane slip
◦ use fingers to pinch it because this water bag is situated within uterus so you are trying to use finger to pinch because it is going to try to slip away from fingers so you will feel a pop
◦ Day 30 until term (most commonly used up to day 90) - Placentomes (caruncles + cotyledons)
◦ 75 to 120 maternal caruncles
◦ Day 75 until term - Fremitus
◦ Day 110-120 - Fetus
◦ Day 60 until term
A 4-year-old second-lactation Holstein cow that is 150 days in milk has been in anestrus since calving. On palpation of the rectum, a cystic structure that is 3 cm in diameter is identified on the left ovary. Administration of which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?
A) Follicle-stimulating hormone followed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in 15 days
B) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone followed by prostaglandin in 15 days
C) Melengestrol acetate followed by prostaglandin in 19 days
D) Prostaglandin followed by melengestrol acetate in 19 days
Answer: B
(Got incorrect - NEED TO STUDY)
A 9-month-old intact male Siberian Husky dog is being evaluated because of a cough of two weeks’ duration. The lesions shown at the carina are seen on bronchoscopic examination. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?
A) Amoxicillin
B) Chlorpheniramine
C) Dextromethorphan
D) Ivermectin
E) Prednisone
Answer: D
(Got correct; remembered it was lungworm)
Canine Lungworm
* Etiology: Oslerus osleri, Crenosoma vulpis, and Eucoleus aerophilus
* Transmission: Via saliva as dam cleans pups. E aerophilus - ingestion of food and water
* C/S:
◦ The nodules of O osleri, found in the mucous membrane of the trachea and large bronchi, can produce extreme airway irritation and persistent coughing.
* Dx: Baermann technique the method of choice and/or Bronchoscopy can be used to detect nodules of O osleri or to collect tracheal washings (dogs and horses) to examine for eggs, larvae, and eosinophils.
* Tx: Fenbendazole - O osleri; Fenbendazole or ivermectin for E aerophilus
Auscultation of a horse’s abdomen at the site marked A on the picture shown will most likely pick up sounds originating from which of the following areas?
A) Cecum
B) Pelvic flexure
C) Small colon
D) Sternal flexure
E) Stomach
Answer: A
(Got correct just marked because was unsure)
The owner of a flock of 85 sheep reports that approximately 33% of ewes have had abortions or have delivered lambs with marked weakness during the past three weeks. Thirty-two ewes were purchased from a farm in a neighboring state and were introduced to the flock four weeks ago. The ewes appear to be healthy. Postmortem examination of an aborted fetus shows marked thickening of the placenta. A zoonotic organism from which of the following genera is the most likely cause of these findings?
A) Campylobacter
B) Chlamydophila
C) Coxiella
D) Leptospira
E) Mycoplasma
Answer: C
(Got incorrect - NEED TO STUDY)
A 10-year-old commercial beef cow has had a gradually diminished appetite and progressive weight loss over the past two months.
Feces are dry and scanty. She continues to drink water. Physical examination shows distention of the left paralumbar fossa and ventral right abdominal wall. On rectal palpation, the rumen is full of firm ingesta and the ventral sac extends to the right of midline (L-shaped). Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A) Administration of bismuth subsalicylate with sucrose
B) Administration of magnesium hydroxide
C) Exploratory laparotomy
D) Salvage to slaughter
E) Surgical creation of a rumen fistula
Answer: D
(Got incorrect - NEED TO STUDY)
A swine producer asks the farm’s veterinarian whether a specific treatment is cost effective. Treatment cost is $10 per pig. The table lists the costs and success rates expected with the proposed treatment:
Which of the following best describes the estimated monetary value with treatment?
A) +|+$100.45)+(-$20.55)1-$10=
В) +$80.49=
С) +$120.45=
D) +$80.04=
E) +(+$120-$20)1.04=
Answer: A
(Got correct - no idea how tbh)
A 5-year-old female West Highland White Terrier dog is brought back to the clinic ten days after being diagnosed as having pyoderma. Physical examination at the time had shown papules, pustules, and epidermal collarettes predominantly distributed in the inguinal region. A two-week course of trimethoprim-sulfadiazine at a standard dose was prescribed, and the client reported clearing of the lesions within a few days. The dog has now developed spreading, circular, bull’s-eye, erythematous lesions on the thorax and forelimbs. There are some papules but no erosion or ulceration. A skin biopsy is obtained. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step pending results of the skin biopsy?
A) Administer oral prednisone
B) Change medication to cephalexin
C) Change medication to itraconazole
D) Continue current therapy
E) Discontinue all therapy
Answer: E
(GOT INCORRECT - NEED TO STUDY)
Fifteen of a group of 200, 7-month-old feedlot calves are lame. The calves arrived at the feedlot approximately one month ago, and one week later 40 of the animals developed pneumonia. These calves were treated with oxytetracycline, and the pneumonia appeared to resolve. On physical examination, the affected calves have swellings in the carpi, tarsi, and stifles with distention of associated tendon sheaths, and a stiff gait. Two calves are euthanized. Postmortem examination shows fibrinous pleuritis and papillary muscle necrosis. Which of the following organisms is the most likely cause of these signs?
A) Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes
B) Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus)
C) Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica
D) Pasteurella multocida
E) Salmonella typhimurium
Answer: B
(Got correct - did a MCQ the other day on TEME - NEED TO STUDY!)
A 9-year-old female Boston Terrier dog is being evaluated because of a lump on the abdomen. A firm mass is palpated in the caudal left mammary gland. A thoracic radiograph is shown. Which of the following is the most appropriate surgical approach?
A) Bilateral mastectomy
B) Chemotherapy only
C) Excisional biopsy and chemotherapy
D) Unilateral mastectomy
E) Surgery is not indicated
Answer: E
(Got incorrect - was torn between B and E; now looking back it is asking for the best sx approach, also removing the mammary tumor in a dog > 2 yrs old will not reduce prognosis so that is why E is correct).
A flock of 8-week-old broiler chickens has a high condemnation rate at the processing plant because of lymphoid tumors in multiple organs. Which of the following is the most appropriate first question to ask the owner to determine the cause of the problem?
A) Did the feed contain mycotoxins?
B) Was the litter treated with chemicals?
C) Were any medications administered during grow out?
D) What is the genetic line of origin?
E) What is the vaccination history?
Answer: E
(Got correct - fully guessed; NEED TO STUDY)
On examination of the cranial nerves in a 3-year-old female cat, the right pupil appears to be larger than the left pupil. The right pupil shows no response when light is shone into either eye. The left pupil constricts when light is shone into either eye. Mild ventrolateral strabismus is noted in the right eye only. These findings are most consistent with a lesion at which of the following locations?
A) Left occipital cortex
B) Right occipital cortex
C) Right optic (Il) nerve
D) Right oculomotor (III) nerve
E) Right abdueens (VI) nerve
Answer: E
(Got wrong - NEED TO STUDY)
