Immune System 1 Flashcards
(49 cards)
What is a pathogen?
Any organism with the ability to cause disease
What are the 4 types of pathogen?
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Parasites (protozoa, worms)
Define: Immunogen
a molecule that causes the immune system to make a response
Define: antigen
part of immunogen that reacts with the immune effector cells or soluble antibodies
Define: epitope
part of the antigen that reacts with immune effector cells or soluble antibodies
Define: polymorphonuclear leukocyte
Immune cell containing granules with enzymes which are released during infection, allergic reaction of asthma.
Examples: oesinophils, neutrophils, basophils
What are the two (immune) cell classes found in bone marrow?
Myeloid cells
Lymphoid cells
Name 1 cell from each category of myeloid cells
1) Antigen presenting cells:
monocyte, macrophage, dendritic cell
2) Polymorphonuclear leukocytes:
basophil, neutrophil, oesinophil
3) mast cell
Which are the small lymphocytes?
B cells
T cells
Which are the large lymphocytes?
NK cells
NK = natural killer
Name the TWO primary lymphoid organs.
Bone marrow
Thymus
Name the SIX secondary lymphoid organs.
Spleen
Adenoids
Tonsils
Appendix
Lymph nodes
Peyer’s patches
Where do B cells originate and mature?
Bone marrow
Which cells originate in the BONE MARROW?
B cells - mature in it
T cells - leave immature
Where is the THYMUS located?
Just above the heart
Where do T cells migrate to mature ?
Migrate from bone marrow to the THYMUS to mature
Progress from cortex to medulla during differentiation
In which sites do mature lymphocytes activate in response to invading pathogens?
Secondary lymphoid tissues
Where do lymph nodes lie?
At the junction of the network of LYMPHATIC VESSELS
What is the role of lymphatic vessels ?
- They collect the plasma fluid (lymph) which continuously leaks from blood vessels
- Lymph (fluid) returns to the blood vessles via the thoracic duct
What is the largest lymphatic vessel in the human body?
Thoracic duct
75% of the body’s lymph (fluid) passes through it
How do lymphocytes meet the pathogen?
Move from capillaries –> lymph nodes to meet pathogen
What are lymphocytes?
A type of immune cell.
(Lymphocytes consist of B- T- and NK- cells)
Others include macrophages/monocytes, neutrophils
THESe ARE ALL TYPES OF WBCs!
Which cells in immune system produce variable, slow and highly specific immune response?
Lymphocytes
What is part of the immediate innate response ?
Defensins
Complement