Flashcards in Immune System 1 Deck (49)
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1
What is a pathogen?
Any organism with the ability to cause disease
2
What are the 4 types of pathogen?
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Parasites (protozoa, worms)
3
Define: Immunogen
a molecule that causes the immune system to make a response
4
Define: antigen
part of immunogen that reacts with the immune effector cells or soluble antibodies
5
Define: epitope
part of the antigen that reacts with immune effector cells or soluble antibodies
6
Define: polymorphonuclear leukocyte
Immune cell containing granules with enzymes which are released during infection, allergic reaction of asthma.
Examples: oesinophils, neutrophils, basophils
7
What are the two (immune) cell classes found in bone marrow?
Myeloid cells
Lymphoid cells
8
Name 1 cell from each category of myeloid cells
1) Antigen presenting cells:
monocyte, macrophage, dendritic cell
2) Polymorphonuclear leukocytes:
basophil, neutrophil, oesinophil
3) mast cell
9
Which are the small lymphocytes?
B cells
T cells
10
Which are the large lymphocytes?
NK cells
NK = natural killer
11
Name the TWO primary lymphoid organs.
Bone marrow
Thymus
12
Name the SIX secondary lymphoid organs.
Spleen
Adenoids
Tonsils
Appendix
Lymph nodes
Peyer's patches
13
Where do B cells originate and mature?
Bone marrow
14
Which cells originate in the BONE MARROW?
B cells - mature in it
T cells - leave immature
15
Where is the THYMUS located?
Just above the heart
16
Where do T cells migrate to mature ?
Migrate from bone marrow to the THYMUS to mature
Progress from cortex to medulla during differentiation
17
In which sites do mature lymphocytes activate in response to invading pathogens?
Secondary lymphoid tissues
18
Where do lymph nodes lie?
At the junction of the network of LYMPHATIC VESSELS
19
What is the role of lymphatic vessels ?
- They collect the plasma fluid (lymph) which continuously leaks from blood vessels
- Lymph (fluid) returns to the blood vessles via the thoracic duct
20
What is the largest lymphatic vessel in the human body?
Thoracic duct
(75% of the body's lymph (fluid) passes through it)
21
How do lymphocytes meet the pathogen?
Move from capillaries --> lymph nodes to meet pathogen
22
What are lymphocytes?
A type of immune cell.
(Lymphocytes consist of B- T- and NK- cells)
Others include macrophages/monocytes, neutrophils
THESe ARE ALL TYPES OF WBCs!
23
Which cells in immune system produce variable, slow and highly specific immune response?
Lymphocytes
24
What is part of the immediate innate response ?
Defensins
Complement
25
What are the responses derived from complement activation?
Opsonisation
Inflammation
Lysis of pathogen
Activation of B cell
26
Which 3 factors are part of the innate immune response?
Barriers
Antimicrobial peptides
Complement system
27
Name the 4 antimicrobial peptides
Histatins
Cathelicidins
Defensins
Lectins
28
Which antimicrobial peptide is produced in the oral cavity and is involved in wound healing of the oral cavity
Histatins (short histidine peptides)
29
Which antimicrobial peptide is against fungi?
Histatins
30
