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Fisiopatología > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Function of immune system

A

Protect the body from external organisms

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2
Q

Components of immune system

A

Monocytes
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Granulocytic cells

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3
Q

Mention the primary lymphoid organs

A

Thymus and bone marrow

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4
Q

Mention the secondary lymphoid organs

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Gut associated lymphoid tissue

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5
Q

Thymus derive from the

A

3º and 4º faringeal aproach

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6
Q

In lymph nodes T lymphocytes are create in

A

medular and paracortical area

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7
Q

Function of the spleen

A

Filter and process antigens from the blood

Remove damaged cells

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8
Q

Antibodies are also known as

A

immunoglobulin (Ig)

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9
Q

Mention all the Ig

A 
IgG
IgE
IgD
IgM
IgA
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10
Q

The main function of the antibodies is

A

bind with high affinity to an invasive organism

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11
Q

Specific part of the virus that will be recognized by antibodies

A

epitope

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12
Q

Types of immunity

A

Innate and adaptative

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13
Q

Immunity that doesn’t need a previous presentation to the antigen

A

innate immunity

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14
Q

Types of response of adaptive immunity

A

humoral and cellular

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15
Q

Humoral response is mediated by

A

B cells

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16
Q

Cellular response is mediated by

A

T cells (T naive cells)

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17
Q

We need ___ to our IS recognize the pathogens and attack against them and our body doesn’t attack by itself

A

MHC

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18
Q

MHC I activate

A

CD8

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19
Q

MHC II activate

A

CD4

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20
Q

Effector T cells have 2 different pathways

A

Be eliminated

Convert in memory T cells

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21
Q

Before to create an effector T cells, the T cells were

A

naive

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22
Q

Type I of hypersensitivity is mediated by

A

IgE

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23
Q

Type of hypersensitivity that is the classical example of the allergies

A

Type I

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24
Q

Some examples of type I hypersensitivity

A

asthma

rhinitis

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25
In type I hypersensitivity when the IgE recognize the allergen the _____ of the allergen begin
degranulation
26
Type II of hypersensitivity is related with
IgG | IgM
27
Type of hypersensitivity that activate the complement cascade and result in the destruction of the antigen
Type II
28
An example of type II hypersensitivity
Graves Disease
29
Autoimmune disease caused by circulating autoantibodies where the thyroid stimulating Ig bind to an activate thyrotropin receptor
Graves Disease
30
GD cause an increased of
thyroid hormone
31
An example of type III hypersensitivity
lupus
32
An example of type IV hypersensitivity
multiple sclerosis, DM, RA
33
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
Type III
34
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Type IV
35
Antibody mediated hypersensitivity
Type II
36
Main difference between type II and III hypersensitivity
Type II: affect an specific organ | Type III: affect the whole body (is systemic)
37
The reactions of type IV hypersensitivity are mediated by Ab and
antigen specific T lymphocytes
38
Rheumatoid Arthritis are ____ hypersensitivity
type IV
39
Type I hypersensitivity is also called
immediate hypersensitivity
40
Explain the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis
1. Dendritic cells present the allergen to T naive cells 2. T cells produce cytokines and Th2 cells 3. T cells switch of B cells and produce IgE 4. IgE start the degranulation of mast cells
41
In allergic rhinitis when IgE starts the degranulation of mast cells appears due to an
release of histamine
42
Types of mechanism in type II hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic response | Non-cytotoxic response
43
Mention the 4 types of cytotoxic response in type II hypersensitivity
1. Cs (C1 binds to ab) 2. Cs (membrane attack complex) 3. Cs (opsonization + phagocytosis) 4. Cs (ab dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity)
44
Mention the type of non-cytotoxic response in type II hypersensitivity
Ab mediated cellular dysfunction
45
Example of cytotoxic response where C1 binds to an ab
Goodpasture Sx
46
Example of cytotoxic response membrane attack complex
Hemolytic anemia
47
Example of non-cytotoxic response where
Graves Disease | Myasthenia
48
Is the excess of thyroid hormones
hyperthyroidism
49
Explain the pathophysiology of GD
1. B cells produce ab against thyroid proteins 2. Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin imitates TSH 3. Hyperthyroidism 4. Hyperplasia of thyroid
50
Autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs and causes redness of skin
LUPUS
51
Explain the pathophysiology of lupus
1. Event lead to apoptosis 2. B cells recognize and create antinuclear antibody 3. Antigent Antibody Complex deposit into the body 4. Local inflammation star 5. Damage of the whole body
52
The major problem un transplantation immunology is the
immunology reaction against the transplant
53
Mention the 3 types of transplant rejection
1. hyperacute 2. acute 3. chronic
54
How do we can avoid the hyperacute and acute rejection?
Cheking the MHC between donador and receptor
55
Hyperacute rejection is mediated by hypersensitive type
II
56
Acute rejection is mediated by hypersensitive type
IV
57
Chronic rejection is mediated by hypersensitive type
III and IV
58
How do we can avoid the acute rejection?
using immunosupresive treatment
59
Hyperacute rejection last from
minutes to hrs
60
Acute rejection last from
60-90 days
61
Chronic rejection last
over 90 days
62
Type of rejection where there are the complement activation, endothelial damage, inflammation and thrombosis
Hyperacute rejection
63
Type of rejection where there are parenchymal cell damage, interstitial and inflammation
Acute rejection
64
Type of rejection where there are a chronic DTH reaction in vessel wall, intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation and vessel occlusion
Chronic rejection
65
Types of vaccines for covid-19
Virus Nucleic acid Viral vector Protein based
66
Type of vaccine for covid-19 where there is an alteration in genetic code and viral proteins
Virus weakened
67
Type of vaccine for covid-19 where the virus is dead an is not infectious
Virus inactivated
68
Type of vaccine for covid-19 where another virus is genetically modificaste to produce coronavirus proteins
Viral vector
69
Type of vaccine for covid-19 where there is a production to involve genetic material, not the virus. Also this encode the spike protein of the virus
Nucleic acid
70
Type of vaccine for covid-19 where we inject coronavirus proteins directly into the body
protein based

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