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Term 1 PoNF revison > immunology > Flashcards

immunology Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of the innate immune system

A

can tell the difference between human cells and pathogens

fast and immediate

no memory- will make the same response each time

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2
Q

characteristics of the adaptive immune system

A

can tell the difference between different pathogens

slower- a few days

can remember pathogens and responses

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3
Q

Innate immune system: cellular components

A

phagocytes

mast cells (and eosinophils)

basophils

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4
Q

Innate immune system: humoral components

A

compliment system

cytokines

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5
Q

innate cellular: 2 types of phagocytes

A

neutrophils- granules filled with peroxidases

phagocytes- eat pathogens and present their antigen to the adaptive immunity

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6
Q

Innate cellular immune system: eosinophils, mast cells and basophils main function

A

combat parasitic infections

are granulated

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7
Q

Innate cellular immune system: mast cell problems

A

cause allergies and asthma by releasing histamines

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8
Q

Innate immune system: basophils

A

have no proven function but found in parasitic infection

contain inflammatory mediator granules

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9
Q

innate humoral immune system: cytokines

A

proteins secreted for communication between other cells or same cell

they bind to receptors and cause a signalling pathway in the cell

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10
Q

Innate humoral immune system: compliment system

A

a cascade pathway of proteins that:

  • increase blood flow + attract other immune cells
  • enhance phagocytosis- opsonization
  • direct lysis- membrane attack complex makes a whole in membrane
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11
Q

Adaptive immunity is made of

A

2 types of Lymphocytes:

  • killer or helper T cells
    • B lymphocytes- antibodies
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12
Q

adaptive immunity: killer T cells

receptor type and MHC type

A

(also known as cytotoxic)

receptor CD8+

MHC1

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13
Q

adaptive immune system: how to killer T cells destroy pathogens

A

it binds to cells presenting MHC1

and releases granules of perforin enzymes

infected cells are destroyed by holes

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14
Q

adaptive immune system: helper T cells

function

receptor type and MHC type

A

helps B lymphocytes

receptor CD4+

MHC II

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15
Q

adaptive immune system: where is MHC I found

A

on most cells with a nucleus, which presents it when infected

so killer T cells get triggered

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16
Q

adaptive immune system: when is MHC II found

A

on cells with antigen presenting jobs- like macrophages

after eating its MHCII that gets presented

(although macrophages can present both MHCI and MHCII)

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17
Q

adaptive immune system: Th 1 T cells help

A

macrophages

18
Q

adaptive immune system: TH2 cells help

A

eosinophils

19
Q

adaptive immune system: Th17 cells help

A

neutrophils

20
Q

adaptive immune system: Tth cells help

A

B cells

21
Q

adaptive immune system B cells: after being activated by an antigen on it’s receptor, B cells either:

A

make a clone of itself- memory cells

make plasma cells- more antibodies

22
Q

adaptive immune system B cells: where do antigens come from on pathogens

A

leaked molecules

spike proteins

general surface proteins

23
Q

adaptive immune system B cells: what does IgG do

A

main type of antibody

protects body from viral, bacterial and fungal infections

24
Q

adaptive immune system B cells: what does IgM do

A

first class of immunoglobulins produced

25
Q

adaptive immune system B cells: what does IgA do

A

protects mucosal surfaces

resistant to stomach acid

26
Q

adaptive immune system B cells: what does IgE do

A

defends against parasites

causes allergies- mast cell related

27
Q

adaptive immune system B cells: what does IgD do

A

unknown

in B cells it signals them to be activated

28
Q

adaptive immune system B cells: 3 functions of antibodies

A

naturalisation- prevent pathogen from attaching to cells

opsonisation- helps make macrophages (makes cells more recognisable)

compliment system- activates classical pathway

29
Q

adaptive immune system B cells: what immunoglobulin does naturalisation

A

IgA- happens mostly in gastro and resp

30
Q

primary lymphatic organs

A

bone marrow and thymus

31
Q

secondary lymphatic organs

A

lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils

32
Q

function of lymphatic system

A

drainage of tissue

absorption and transport of fatty acids

immunity

33
Q

what happens in primary lymph organs

A

produce and mature RBC’s

34
Q

what happens in secondary lymph organs

A

lymphocytes get activated

35
Q

the spleen is made up of

A

red pulp and white pulp

36
Q

what does spleens red pulp do

A

filters blood of:

damaged RBC

microorganisms

opsonized microbes

37
Q

where are lymphocytes contained

A

spleens white pulp

38
Q

where are both lymphocytes produced

A

bone marrow

39
Q

where do lymphocytes mature

A

T cell in thymus

B cell in bone marrow

40
Q

where are lymphocytes activated

A

secondary lymph organs

Term 1 PoNF revison (14 decks)

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