Receptors

Question 1

what do receptors do

Answer 1

convert stimuli to action potentials

Question 2

what are receptors

Answer 2

nerve endings

Question 3

3 types of sensory receptors

Answer 3

mechano receptors

proprioceptors

nociceptors

Question 4

what do mechanoreceptors sense

Answer 4

touch and pressure

Question 5

what do proprioceptors sense

Answer 5

touch and pressure in muscle and joints- limb position

Question 6

what do nociceptors sense

Answer 6

pain- heat and tissue damage

Question 7

sensory modality

Answer 7

stimulus type that activates a receptor

Question 8

sensory receptor specificity

Answer 8

highly sensitive to a specific energy form

but can be activated by other INTENSE stimuli

Question 9

stimulus in mechano receptors and propioceptors

Answer 9

membrane deformation

Question 10

sensory receptor transduction involves

Answer 10

ion channels opening

Question 11

an adequate stimulus creates

Answer 11

a graded membrane potential

called: receptor potential/ generator potential

Question 12

what does membrane deformation lead to in mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors

Answer 12

it activates stretch sensitive ion channels

so ions flow across the membrane and change the local membrane potential

Question 13

after the local membrane potential is changed what happens

Answer 13

depolarisation travels and reaches a node of ranvier, opening voltage gated ion channels

firing and action potential

Question 14

what happens after the local membrane potential is changed

Question 15

frequency coding of stimulus intensity

Answer 15

a large stimulus causes

a LARGER RECEPTOR POTENTIAL and

a higher frequency of action potentials

Question 16

mechano receptors: what do merkel receptors sense

Answer 16

steady pressure and texture

Question 17

mechano receptors: what do meissner’s corpuscle sense

Answer 17

flutter and stroking movements

Question 18

mechano receptors: what do ruffini corpuscles sense

Answer 18

stretch in skin

Question 19

mechano receptors: WHAT DO PACINIAN CORPUSCLE SENSE

Answer 19

VIBRATION

Question 20

mechano receptors: what do free nerve endings of hair roots sense

Answer 20

hair movement

Question 21

nociceptors are made of ____ and sense___

Answer 21

free nerve endings

noxious stimuli

Question 22

what carries the signal from skin receptors

Answer 22

sensory nerves- to spinal cord

Question 23

mechano receptors and constant stimulation

Answer 23

some continue to produce AP’s

others drop and only produce AP’s if the stimulus changes

Question 24

rapid/moderatly adapting receptors

Answer 24

pacinian corpuscles

meissner’s corpuscles

(corpuscles are very fast)

Question 25

slowly adaoting receotors

Answer 25

merkel's discs ruffini endings

Question 26

receptors that don't adapt

Answer 26

nociceptors

Question 27

mechanoreceptors that sense body or limb position

Answer 27

muscle spindles golgi tendon organs muscle tension joint receptors

Question 28

what do muscle receptors do

Answer 28

monitor muscle length and rate of change of muscle length

Question 29

what do golgi tendon organs monitor

Answer 29

tension of tendons

Question 30

what do joint receptors monitor

Answer 30

joint angle rate of angular movement tension of joints

Question 31

what provides info to spinal cord for reflex movements

Answer 31

muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs

Question 32

what are muscle spindles

Answer 32

specialised muscle fibres with its own sensory and nerve innervation- **intrafusal** muscle fibres

Question 33

2 types of intrafusal fibre

Answer 33

nuclear bag- bag shaped with nuclei collected together nuclear chain- nuclei lined in a chain

Question 34

annulospiral endings

Answer 34

primary endings from Ia afferent nerves that wrap around intrafusal fibres

Question 35

what parts of intrafusal fibres contract and what innervates them

Answer 35

just the ends (middle gets stretched) gamma motoneurons

Question 36

muscle spindles lie in ___ with extrafusal muscle fibres

Answer 36

parallel

Question 37

golgi tendon organs lies in ___ with extrafusal muscle fibres

Answer 37

series