Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Respiratory > Infection (new facts) > Flashcards

Infection (new facts) Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Gram + alpha haemolytic strep colonising URT?

A

Strep pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gram + beta haemolytic strep colonising URT?

A

Strep pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a non-strep gram + bacteria which also colonises the URT?

A

Staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are gram - organisms which colonise the URT?

A

Haemophilius influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are complications of the common cold?

A

Acute sinusitis or bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are organisms causing the common cold?

A

Adenovirus, rhinovirus, RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What URTI shows a pseudo-membrane?

A

Diphtheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes epiglottitis and what kind of organism is this?

A

Haemophilius influenzae type B- gram + cocco bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you test for epiglottitis?

A

Blood culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment for epiglottitis?

A

Intubation and ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a generally big risk factor for most LRTIs?

A

Intubation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What will acute bronchitis show on chest exam and CXR?

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

As well as cold like symptoms and coughing, what is another common symptom of whooping cough?

A

Vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes whooping cough and what type of organism is this?

A

Bortedella pertussis- gram - coccobacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When should you give antibiotics for whooping cough?

A

Cough < 21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What antibiotics can be given for whooping cough and under what conditions?

A

< 1 month- clarithromycin
> 1 month- clarithromycin or azithromycin
Pregnancy- erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is a diagnosis of bronchiolitis made?

A

PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is bronchiolitis treated?

A

Supportive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does chlamydophila pneumoniae cause?

A

Mostly mild respiratory tract infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Primary influenza pneumonia after flu is most common in who?

A

During pandemics- young adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Secondary bacterial pneumonia after flu is most common in who?

A

Infants, elderly, pre-existing disease or pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Influenza A 5HN1?

A

Highly pathogenic avian flu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who are the only people to receive a live attenuated flu vaccine?

A

Children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What further antibiotic cover does hospital acquired require?

A

Gram -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What further antibiotic cover does aspiration require?
Anaerobic
26
What is the treatment for mild-moderate CAP (0-2 CURB65)?
amoxicillin 1g tds IV/PO (doxycycline if penicillin allergic)
27
What is the treatment for severe CAP (3-5 CURB65)?
co-amoxiclav 1.2g tds IV + clarithromycin 500mg bd IV (levofloxacin if penicillin allergic)
28
What are organisms which can cause lobar pneumonia?
Strep pneumonia, Klebsiella or Legionella
29
Who normally gets lobar pneumonia?
CAP- previously healthy young adults
30
Where does broncho pneumonia start and spread to?
Starts in airways and spreads to adjacent alveolar lung
31
Who is broncho-pneumonia more common in?
Those with a pre-existing disease or aspiration
32
What antibiotic treatment does mycoplasma, coxiella burnetti and chlamydia psittaci respond to?
Tetracycline and macrolides e.g. clarithromycin
33
Apart from pneumonia, what else can coxiella burnetti cause?
Q fever
34
Where does coxiella burnetti come from?
Sheep and goats
35
What is a complication of coxiella burnetti?
Culture negative endocarditis
36
What does chlamydia thrachomatis cause?
Infantile pneumonia
37
Is legionella gram - or +?
-
38
Where does legionella invade?
Alveolar macrophages and then replicates
39
How is legionella diagnosed mainly?
Urinary antigen
40
How do you treat legionella?
Clarithromycin, erythromycin or quinolones e.g. levofloxacin
41
How do you treat PCP?
Co-trimoxazole and maybe prophylaxis
42
how do you diagnose aspergillus or PCP?
Bronchioalveolar lavage
43
What type of organism is mycobacterium TB?
Acid alcohol fast bacilli
44
What can latent TB cause?
Immune alterations or reactivation later on
45
Where is the pathogen taken in primary TB?
To hilar lymph nodes
46
Where is secondary TB found?
Usually localised to the upper zones but may spread via bloodstream or airways
47
What type of TB will show a Ghon Focus in the midzone and enlarged pulmonary hilar lymph nodes?
Primary
48
What will secondary TB show on CXR?
Fibrosing and cavitating apical lesion
49
What type of TB is a miliary disease?
Secondary
50
What test uses the carbol-fuschin dye and what colour does this stain?
Zeihl-Neelson, stains mycobacteria red
51
What should you always check for in patients with chronic pulmonary infection?
Underlying immunodeficiency
52
What is usually the cause of a lung abscess?
Aspiration
53
What organisms can cause an abscess?
Bacteria or fungi
54
What can cause a right sided endocarditis from a DVT?
Septic emboli
55
Who are septic emboli common in?
IV drug users
56
What shows an uncomplicated effusion?
Clear fluid, ph > 7.2, LDH < 1000, glucose > 2.2
57
What type of organisms mainly cause empyema?
aerobes
58
When do anaerobic organisms cause empyema?
After severe pneumonia or if there is poor dental hygiene
59
What would give clinical suspicion of empyema?
Slow to resolve pneumonia
60
What will show a D sign on CXR?
Empyema
61
What is the preferred test for empyema?
US
62
What initial broad spectrum antibiotics are used for empyema?
Amoxicillin and metronidazole
63
What is used to diagnose bronchiectasis?
HRCT
64
What shows hallmarks of bronchiectasis but there is no evidence of this on CXR?
Chronic bronchial sepsis
65
Who are the two groups of people most likely to get chronic bronchial sepsis?
Young women involved in healthcare | Older people with COPD
66
What have been shown to reduce exacerbations of chronic bronchial sepsis?
Low dose macrolides

Respiratory (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions