Infection; Pulmonary TB Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
What occurs in the primary pulmonary TB?
A
Primary pulmonary complex
2
Q
What is this primary pulmonary complex made of? (3 points)
A
Ghon’s focus
TB Lymphangitis
TB Lymphadenitis
3
Q
Describe Ghon’s focus
A
Parenchymatous tuberculous lesion
4
Q
Describe this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion
A
Caseous
5
Q
What is the color of this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion?
A
Greyish yellow
6
Q
Where is this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion found in?
A
Right lung
7
Q
What are the 2 sites of the right lung in which this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion is found?
A
In the upper part of the lower lobe
Or
In the lower part of the upper lobe
8
Q
Where exactly is this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion found in the upper part of the lower lobe/ in the lower part of the upper lobe?
A
Under pleura
9
Q
What is the unit used to measure this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion?
A
cm
10
Q
What is the diameter of this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion?
A
1-2 cm
11
Q
What is shown in TB Lymphangitis?
A
Multiple tubercles
12
Q
What is the good fate of the primary pulmonary TB?
A
Healing
13
Q
What is being healed in the primary pulmonary TB?
A
Foci
14
Q
What does the small foci undergo?
A
Replacement
15
Q
What is the small foci replaced by?
A
Fibrous tissue
16
Q
What does the large foci undergo?
2 points
A
Fibrous capsulation
Dystrophic calcification
17
Q
What happens to the organism in the large foci ,in some cases?
A
Remain dormant
18
Q
What is the bad fate of the primary pulmonary TB?
A
Spread
19
Q
How many types does the bacteria spread by?
A
4
20
Q
What are the 4 types in which the bacteria spread by?
A
Local
Lymphatic
Bronchial
Blood
21
Q
How many local sites does the bacteria spread to?
A
2
22
Q
What are the 2 local sites in which the bacteria spread to?
A
Pleura
Bronchioles
23
Q
What are does the bacteria spread from to the pleura
and bronchioles?
A
Ghon’s focus
24
Q
What does the bacteria cause in the pleura?
A
TB pleurisy
Tb empyema
25
When does the bacteria cause TB empyema?
Secondary infection
26
What does the bacteria cause in the Bronchioles?
Bronchiolitis
27
How many lymph nodes in which the bacteria spread to?
3
28
What are the lymph nodes in which the bacteria spread to?
Hilar
Paratracheal
Mediastinal
29
What may the Ghon's focus do in the bronchus in which the bacteria spreads there?
Open in it
30
What does the bacteria cause in the bronchus when the Ghon's focus opens it?
TB bronchopneumonia
| TB lobar pneumonia
31
What happens to the small dose in the blood?
Removed
32
What removes this small dose in the blood where the bacteria spread in?
Immune system
33
What does the moderate dose in the blood cause where the bacteria spread in?
Isolated TB
34
What does the large dose reach in which the bacteria is spread in?
(2 points)
Pulmonary vein
| Pulmonary artery
35
What does the large dose cause when it reaches the pulmonary vein in which the bacteria is spread in?
Generalized miliary TB
36
What happens to the large dose when it reaches the pulmonary vein?
Return back
37
What does the large dose return back to?
Lung
38
What does the large dose cause to the lung in which the bacteria is spread in?
Miliary TB of lung
39
What is the type of the secondary pulmonary TB?
Human
40
At which age does the secondary pulmonary TB occur in?
| 2 points
Middle
| Elderly
41
Describe the source of infection of the secondary pulmonary TB
Endogenous
| Exogenous
42
How does the Endogenous mode of infection occurs in the secondary pulmonary TB?
Reactivation
43
What is reactivated in the Endogenous mode of infection occurs in the secondary pulmonary TB?
Dormant focus
44
How does the Exogenous mode of infection occurs in the secondary pulmonary TB?
Reinfection
45
What does the reinfection occurs by?
Inhalation
46
What is seen in the gross picture of the secondary pulmonary TB?
Assman-Simon's focus
47
What is the Assman-Simon's focus formed of?
Many tubercles
48
What does these many tubercles undergo in the Assman-Simon's focus?
Fusion
49
What does the Assman-Simon's focus undergo?
| 3 points
Enlargement
Caseation
Confluence
50
What is produced when the Assman-Simon's focus confluent?
Large lesion
51
What is the Assman-Simon's focus surrounded by?
Fibrous capsule
52
From where is the Assman-Simon's focus surrounded by fibrous capsule?
Pleural surface
53
What is the distance in which the Assman-Simon's focus is present from the pleural surface?
1-2 cm
54
What aren't associated with the Assman-Simon's focus?
| 3 points
Complex
TB lymphangitis
TB lymphadenitis
55
Which 2 parts is the Assman-Simon's focus found in?
Apical
| Sub-apical
56
Where is the Assman-Simon's focus found more in?
Right lung
57
What are involved in making the Assman-Simon's focus more present in the right lung?
Ventilation
Lymphoid tissue
Blood flow
58
Describe the ventilation which makes the Assman-Simon's focus more present in the right lung
Good
59
Describe the lymphoid tissue which makes the Assman-Simon's focus more present in the right lung
Increased
60
Which part is the lymphoid tissue increased in?
Apical
61
Describe the blood flow which makes the Assman-Simon's focus more present in the right lung
Decreased
62
What makes the decreased blood flow a reason for the more presence of the Assman-Simon's focus in the right lung?
Right lung is narrower than left `
63
What are the 2 good fates of the secondary pulmonary TB?
Regression
| Healing
64
What do the regression and the healing occur by?
| 2 points
Fibrosis
| Calcification
65
What is the bad fate of the secondary pulmonary TB?
Progressive TB types
66
How many progressive TB types are there in the secondary pulmonary TB?
2
67
What are these 2 progressive TB types?
Cavitary fibrocaseous TB
| Tuberculous caseous pneumonia
68
What is also a fate of the secondary pulmonary TB?
Exudative reaction
69
What is this exudative reaction in the form of? (2 points)
Numerous TB bacteria
| Exaggerated hypertension
70
What does the cavitary fibrocaseous TB occur with?
| 2 points
Dose
| Resistance
71
Describe the dose and the resistance
Moderate
72
What does the apical focus do in the gross picture of the cavitary fibrocaseous TB?
Extension
73
Where does the apical focus extend to?
Adjacent bronchial wall
74
What happens to the caseous material in the gross picture of the cavitary fibrocaseous TB?
Discharge
75
What is the caseous material discharged through?
Bronchioles
76
What does the caseous material leave after being discharged through the bronchioles?
Mother cavity
77
What is this mother cavity surrounded by?
Fibrous capsule
78
Describe the lining of this mother capsule
| 3 points
Irregular
Ragged
Shreddy
79
Describe the color of the lining of this mother capsule
Yellowish
80
Due to what is the color of the lining of this mother capsule yellowish?
Caseous material
81
What happens to this caseous material?
Extension
82
Where does this caseous material extend in?
| 2 points
Bronchioles
| Alveoli
83
What does the extended caseous material form?
Small acinar cavities
84
What are these small acinar cavities known as?
Daughter cavities
85
Where are these small acinar cavities formed at?
The base of the lung
86
What also then extend in between these cavities as a trial for healing?
Fibrosis
87
Why does the fibrosis then extend in between these cavities?
As a trial for healing
88
What does the extended fibrosis cause as a trial for healing? (2 points)
Shrunken lung
| Bronchiectasis
89
What do the walls of the mother capsule show?
Ridges of remnants
90
What are these remnants of? (2 points)
Blood vessels
| Bronchi
91
Describe the tubercle of the secondary pulmonary TB seen under the microscope
(2 points)
Multiple
| Caseating
92
What do these tubercles heal by?
Fibrosis
93
What happens to the cavities of the tubercle under the microscope?
(2 points)
Epithelialization
| Calcification
94
What are the 2 types complications of the progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?
Local tissue destruction
| Spread
95
How many local tissue destruction are there?
4
96
What are the 4 tissue destructions of progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?
Hemoptysis
Pneumothorax
Pyo-pneumothorax
Secondary amyloidosis
97
How many types in which the bacteria spread by in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?
3
98
What are the 3 types in which the bacteria spread by in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?
Local
Blood
Lymphatic
99
What does the local spread of the bacteria cause?
TB pleurisy
| Exudation
100
What are the 3 types of exudation resulted from the local spread of the bacteria?
Serous
Serofibrinous
Hemorrhagic
Pus
101
What is the pus formed there known as?
Empyema
102
Which does the blood spread leads to?
Miliary TB
103
Which type of pulmonary TB is the blood spread less common in?
Primary
104
Where does the bacteria also spread through in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?
Natural passages
105
How many natural passages does the bacteria spread through in in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?
5
106
What are the 5 natural passages which the bacteria spread through in in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?
```
Lung
Trachea
Larynx
Tongue
Intestine
```
107
What does the bacteria cause when it spread through the lung in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?
TB bronchopneumonia
| TB lobar pneumonia
108
What does the bacteria cause when it spread through the trachea and larynx in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?
TB laryngitis
109
Describe the usual location of the TB laryngitis
Posterior
110
What does the bacteria cause when it spread through the tongue in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?
TB ulcer
111
Which part of the tongue does the TB ulcer occur in?
Tip
112
What causes this TB ulcer to occur in the tip of the tongue?
Accumulation of sputum
113
What type of progressive pulmonary TB affects the intestine?
Secondary
114
What affects the intestine?
Swollen sputum
115
What type of spread does the bacteria spread by in these natural passages?
Bronchial
116
Which type of pulmonary TB is the bronchial spread in the natural passages more common in?
Primary
117
What is caused due to the spread of bacteria in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB? (2 points)
Peptic ulcer
| Fibrosis
118
What is the percentage of this peptic ulcer?
20%
119
What causes this peptic ulcer?
Stress
120
What does the fibrosis of the lung cause? (3 points)
Bronchiectasis
Pulmonary hypertension
Cor-pulmonale
