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Infectious Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Owl eye inclusion bodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

CMV (Cytomegalovirus)

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2
Q

You have a patient with positive blood cultures for candida, what is the first line drug?

A

Amphotericin B

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3
Q

What is the treatment for pertussis?

A

Erythromycin x 7 days

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4
Q

A leukemia patient has a CT of the liver which shows punched out lesions - what diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

HEpatosplenid candida

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5
Q

What disease doe Rickettsia rickettsia cause?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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6
Q

An india ink stain showing cysts should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cryptococcosis

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7
Q

A COPD patient has apical cavities and calcifies nodes on his CXR, You also discover that he has a pet bat and. few birds. What is the most likely diagnosis>

A

Histoplasmosis

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8
Q

An HIV patient present with a nonproductive cough and CXR that shot diffuse interstitial infiltrates. What is the most likely diagnosis>

A

Pneumocystitiss jiroveci pneumonia

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9
Q

Honey and babies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Botulism (flaccid baby syndrome)

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10
Q

What type of organism causes botulism?

A

A Gram + rod - Clostridium botuliinum

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11
Q

What is the treatment for botulism?

A

an antitoxin

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12
Q

A patient presents to the ED with acute progressive weakness, diplopia and a very dry mouth. What organism may be causing this?

A

Clostridium Botulinum

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13
Q

Rice water stools should make you think of what diagnosis

A

=Vibrio Cholrea

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14
Q

Is diphtheria a gram + or Grma - organism>

A

Gram +

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15
Q

A stuck on grey membrane in the pharynx should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Diptheria

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16
Q

What are 4 steps for treating diphtheria?

A

antitoxin, penicillin, remove the membrane, report the case to the CDC

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17
Q

What is the clinical name for whooping cough?

A

Pertussis

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18
Q

What type of organism causes tetanus?

A

Clostridium Tetani - Gram + rod (aerobic)

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19
Q

A patient ate out last night and today has cramping and bloody diarrhea. What is the most likely organism>

A

Salmonella

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20
Q

Diarrhea with blood and mucous should make you think of what ?

A

Shigella

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21
Q

What is the best way to diagnose malaria?

A

a peripheral blood smear

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22
Q

What organism has been linked to reactive arthritis?

A

Shigella. Also remember that reactive arthritis has a + HLA-B27

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23
Q

What is the treatment for Shigella?

A

Bactrim or flouroquinolones and hydration

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24
Q

What is the organism that causes Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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25
What is the minimum amount of time that is needed for a tick to transfer Lyme diease to a human?
24 hours
26
What is the drug of choice to treat Lyme disease in kids or pregnant women>
Amoxicilliin
27
What is the drug of choice to treat C. difficile?
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
28
A patient was in the woods yesterday and today presents with erythema migrant. Whats is the most likely diagnosis>
Lyme disease
29
What is the drug that is used for the treatment or prophylaxis off malaria>
Chloroquine
30
A patient was camping for a few days and now has a rash that began on his wrists and ankles. What is the most likely diagnosis>
Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
31
What is the drug of choice to treat Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
Doxycycline
32
What is the drug of choice for the treatment of syphillis?
Penicillin
33
`Any reference to a dark field microscopy should make you think of what organism?
Treponema pallidum
34
Is staph gram + or gram -?
Gram +
35
A patient being treated with PCN for a syphillis infection develops fever, chills, muscle pain and headaches. Do you stop the treatment?
No. This is a JArisch-Herxheimer reaction. The patient must be closely monitored, but it is a response to the related endotoxin from the death of the spirochetes and not and allergic reaction.
36
What organism is believed to the be the main culprit in creating peptic ulcers?
Helicobactoer pylori
37
A painless clean base chancre should make you think. of what diagnosis?
Syphilis
38
HE has fever and chills, A patient complains of a rash on his palms and soles. In conversation he mention a strange painless chancre he has a few weeks ago. What. is his most likely diagnosis?
Secondary syphilis. The most contagious stage.
39
What is the treatment for cholera?
Fluids
40
What is the current drug of choice for CMV (Cytomegalovirus)?
Ganciclovir
41
Which herpesvirus causes Epstein-Barr?
HErpes 4
42
A 16 year old girl presents with an exudative sore throat and general malaise. On physical exam, you observe some posterior chain lymphadenpathy and mild splenomegaly.What is the most likely diagnosis?
Epstein Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis)
43
What are the 2 important pieces of patient education for anyone diagnosed with Mono??
``` No contact sports (risk of splenic rupture) No kissing(highly contagious) ```
44
What is the first symptom of a rabies infection.
Pain and anesthesia at the site of the bite.
45
How do you definitively diagnosis rabies?
Pathology of the brain of the animal that performed the bite using fluorescent antibody stain.
46
A patient is bitten by a rabies infected raccoon. On what days to you give him human diploid cells?
0,3 ,7, 14, 28
47
A diaper rash with satellite lesions should make you think of what diagnosis?
Candida
48
Name 3 serious reactions a patient may have with the use of Vancomycin?`
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and Steven Johnson syndrome
49
What tests are done to screen for HIV?
Elisa and then if positive diagnosis is confirmed with a Western Blot test
50
What is the drug of choice treatment for Lyme disease?
Doxycycline
51
What does trismus mean?
Lockjaw, often secondary to tetanus
52
How do you treat amebiasis?
metronidazole
53
How do you teat pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia formerly know as Pneumoscystis (PCP)
Bactrim
54
What is the treatment for tetanus infection?
PCN, Immunoglobulin and supportive care( respiratory support)
55
How do hookworm larvae enter the body?
They penetrate the skin usually through the soles of the feet.
56
How do you treat hookworm?
Azoles
57
What type of mosquitoes carry malaria?
Anopheles
58
How do you treat white oral plaques that can be scraped off?
This is most likely candida. Topical nystatin or oral fluconazole 1 mg are first line.
59
A CT scan shows ring enhancing lesions in an HIV patient. What it set most likely diagnosis?
TOXOPLASMOSIS
60
WHAT IS THE DRUG OF CHOICE FOR TOOPLASMOSIS
BACTRIM
61
What drug do you use to treat pinworm?
You treat everyone in the house with albendazole - and then treat them again in 2 weeks.
62
The scotch tape test is used to diagnose what disease:
Pinworm
63
Gram positive organism in chains should make you think of what diagnosis?
Strep
64
A gram negative diplococci should make you think of what diagnosis?
nieisseria
65
What it the most common antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery
Cefazolin (Ancef)
66
What is the oral antibiotic can be used for pseudomonas?
Ciprfloxin
67
Why aren't fluoroquinolone used more frequently?
lots of side effects
68
A patient presents with a ruptured Achilles tendon. He states that he was recently in the hospital for a "blood infection and on a ton of antibiotics". What class of antibiotics was he on?
Flurorquinolones.
69
Why can't you give flouroquinolones to kids?
The can cause cartilage developmental issues
70
What class of antibiotics should you start with for community acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Macrolides
71
List 2 macrolides
Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
72
What is the antibiotic class is the class of choice for chlamydia?
Macrolides
73
Which medication is worse to given a pediatric patient - Tetracycline or aminoglycoside?
TCN
74
A patient complains of a metallic taste in her mouse and dark brown urine. What antibiotic might she on?
Metronidazole
75
What antibiotic is most likely to cause C. dif
Clindamycin
76
What it the current drug of choice for MRSA?
Vancomycin
77
Your patient is on rifampin. What side effects should you warn her about?
Orange - rd discoloration of body fluids
78
What may happen if you infuse Vancomycin too fast?
Red Man syndrome
79
Name one ORAL medication that can be used for MRSA
Linezolid (Zyvox) and Bactrim
80
What is the organism mostly likely causing community acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Strep pneumo
81
What organism is the mostly common cause. of an uncomplicated UTI
E coli
82
Gummas or granulomatous nodules should make you think of what diagnosis?
Tertiary syphillis
83
Bloody stool with cysts and trophozoites should make you think of what diagnosis?
Amebiasis
84
Community acquired carditis is most often caused by one of the HACEK organisms - what are the HACEK organisms?
``` Hemophilus Actinobacilius, cardiobacterium Ekenella Kingella ```
85
What are the 3 medications combine as first line treatment for H pylori?
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin = PPI (omperazaole)
86
What is the prophylactic antibiotic most commonly given prior to a dental procedure if one is needed?
Amoxil 2 gm po 1 hour prior to procedure.
87
A woman and cat litter should make you think of what diagnosis?
Toxoplasmosis
88
What is the drug of choice to treat a urethritis caused by neiserria?
Ceftriaxone (rocphein)
89
What is the best test for diagnosing Rocky mountain spotted fever?
Indirect immunofluorescent antibiodies
90
A gram negative coccobaccili found in sputum of a patient with pneumonia should make you think of what diagnosis>
H flu
91
What medication is used a s prophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis
Rifampin

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