Purpose of sebaceous gland
Sweat gland; lubrication and inhibition of bacteria growth
Purpose of sudoriferous gland
Temperature control
Four senses of the skin
Touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
How does the skin cool the body down?
When the blood vessels in the skin dilate, it releases heat and when it constricts it holds heat
What does the sebaceous gland secrete?
Salt
Excess water
Waste through sweat
Layers of the skin
Epidermal layer
Dermal layer
Subcutaneous layer
Which skin layer cushions and controls the temperature?
Subcutaneous layer
Where are the glands located?
In the dermis
Eccrine glands
Sudoriferous glands located all over the body
Appocrine glands
Sudoriferous glands located in axilla and genitals
Keratin
Dead protein that makes up hair
Root
Special cells at base of hair
Follicle
Sac that holds hair
Arrector pili
Involuntary muscle attached to that caused goose bumps when contracted
Nails
Keratin plate that covers dorsal surface of philanges
Melanin
Brownish black pigment
Carotene
Yellowish pigment
Albino
Absence of pigmentation, due to the melanocytes being able to produce
Erythema
Reddish color of skin
Jaundice
Yellowish discoloration of skin due to bile in bloodstream
Cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of skin due to the lack of oxygen
Macules
Flat spots on skin
Biopsy
Removal of part of affected skin for testing
Types of biopsy
Needle and punch
Excision
Cut out surgically
Exfoliative cytology
Alternative to biopsy
Parts of fingernail
Paronychium Lunula Eponychium Hyponychium Nail bed Nail matrix Nail root
Adipo
Fat
Auto
Self
Cero
Wax
Chromo
Color
Cryo
Cold
Cyto
Cell
Cutaneo
Skin
Dermo
Skin
Diaphro
Sweat
Hidro
Sweat
Histo
Tissue
Icthyo
Fish
Kerato
Cornea
Horny tissue
Lipo
Fat
Myco
Fungus
Necro
Death
Onchyo
Nail
Papulo
Pimple
Patho
Disease
Pilo
Hair
Pyo
Pus
Rhytido
Wrinkle
Sclero
Hardening
Sebo
Oil
Squamo
Epidermal scale
Sudor
Sweat
Tricho
Hair
Unguo
Nail
Vesiculo
Vessel
Xero
Dry skin
Structures of the integumentary system
Skin
Hair
Nails
Glands(Sudoriferous and Sebaceous)
Callus
Hard, thick layer of skin due to pressure or friction
Onchomycosis
Fungal infection of the nail
Dermatophytosis
Ring worm; superficial fungus infection
Herpes zoster
Shingles; reactivation of the varicella virus
Melanoma
Most serious types of skin cancer affecting the melanocytes
Verrucae
Painful, contagious wart in the sole of the foot; plantar wart
Carbuncle
Infection of the hair follicle
Pediculosis
Head lice
Decubitus Ulcer
Open wound on the skin, occurs in boney areas; bed sore
Vitiligo
Pigment loss in patches on the skin, appears whitish in color
Alopecia
Hair loss
Impetigo
Contagious pyoderma (yellow crust) from staph areus
Burn
Injury to skin caused by contact with thermal, radioactive, chemical or electrical agent
Lupus
Autoimmune disease
Necrotizing fasciitis
“Flesh eating disease” when there’s inflammation of the faciae and as a result, there’s rapid death in the tissue of surrounding organs
Acne
Hair follicles plug with oil
Contusion
Bruise; hemorrhage of unbroken skin
Xeroderma
Extremely dry, hard, and scaly skin
Pacyderma/Elephantiasis
Thick skin
Abrasion
Area of the skin damaged by scraping or friction
Psoriasis
Dry patches of skin (chronic condition)
Hemangioma
Reddish purple tumor compose of a mass of blood vessels
Keloid
Irregular fibrous formed at the sight of scar/injury
Furuncle/boil
Localized pyogenic infection originating deep in a hair follicle
Hirsutism
Excessive body hair typical in women
Roscea
Hyper pigmentation occur in in forehead and temple
Rhinophyma
Large, bulbous, ruddy nose commonly caused by untreated roscea
Seborrhea
Excessive sebum secretion
Varicella
Chicken pox; itchy rash on skin identified by fever and eruption of red blisters
Verrucae
Painful, contagious wart on the sole of the foot; plantar wart
Chloasma
Brown patches on the skin
Second-degree burn
Burn that is characterized by pain, blisters, edema, and slow recovery
List of epidermal layer from deep to superficial:
Stratum basale, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum
Purpose of melanin
Protection from UV rays
Three factors affecting skin color
Genetics, environment, and physiology
Stratum lucidum
A clear layer located in the palms and soles of the feet
Hyperplasia
Excessive cell growth
Atopy
Genetically determined
Why is the skin considered an organ?
It is composed of two or more types of tissue
Stratum corneum
Skin’s outermost layer that’s completely keratinized
Exudative
Leaking out the skin
Actinic keratosis
Premalignant warty lesion on the skin that results from chronic exposure to sunlight, a sebaceous gland
Calvus
“Corn” on the feet
Pruritus
Itching
Crusts
Hard covering on the skin that result when exudate dries on the skin
Onychia
Inflammation of the bail matrix
Lipoma
Fatty benign tumor
Autoimmune disorder
Make immune system attack the body