Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
serves as the animals’ first line of defense (also for offense)
A
integument
2
Q
integument could be:
A
- thin
- thick
3
Q
integument of protozoans
A
- pellicle
- cell membrane
4
Q
thick protein coat
A
pellicle
5
Q
integument of porifera
A
- pinacocytes
6
Q
flat T cells on the skin of sponges
A
pinacocytes
7
Q
pinacocytes are lined with ______
A
choanocytes
8
Q
integument of cnidaria
A
- cnidocytes
- nerve cells
- interstitial cells
9
Q
stinging cells with nematocysts
A
cnidocytes
10
Q
trigger motor responses
A
nerve cells
11
Q
unspecialized cells that are not active by default, but serve as replacements for dead cells
A
interstitial cells
12
Q
integument of platyhelminthes
A
- single layer of ciliated cells (free-living form)
- syncytial layer that lacks cilia (parasitic form)
13
Q
integument of nematoda
A
- cuticle
- epidermis / hypodermis
- muscle layer
14
Q
epidermis . hypoderms of nematoda
A
- syncytial
15
Q
muscle layer of nematoda
A
longitudinal muscles
16
Q
integument of annelida
A
- cuticle
- epidermis
- muscle layers
17
Q
cuticle of annelida
A
not molted
18
Q
epidermis of annelida
A
setae / chaetae
19
Q
muscle layers of annelida
A
- longitudinal
- circular
20
Q
integument of of arthropoda
A
- exoskeleton / cuticle
21
Q
the exoskeleton / cuticle of arthropoda are composed of
A
protein and chitin
22
Q
integument of mollusca
A
- epidermis
- gland cells
- shells of calcium
- chromatophores
23
Q
gland cells secretes ______
A
mucus
24
Q
integument of echinodermata
A
- dermis
- “spiny skinned”
- thin skin covers endoskeleton
24
integument of echinodermata
- dermis
- "spiny skinned"
- thin skin covers endoskeleton
25
thin skin that covers endoskeleton
- tiny calcified plates and spines
- ossicles
26
ossicles refers to _____
skeletal plate
27
between the body and its external environment, and its structure is well adapted for local functional requirements
skin
28
biological activities of amphibian skin peptides
- anti-predation
- mating
- anti-microbic
- anti-parasitism
- neuronedocrine regulation
- analgesia
- wound-healing
- antioxidant
- immunoregulation
29
anuran amphibians
- Surinam horned frog
- American common toad
- Lake titicaca frog
- Hairy frog
- Diploid, tropical clawed frog
- Tetraploid, South African clawed toad
30
has numerous hyperkeratotic regions manifested as denticles, head horns, and 'claws' (arrows)
Surinam horned frog (Ceratophrys cornuta)
31
found world-wide in non-polar regions except Australia
American Common toad (Bufo anericana)
32
has dubious distinction of being a voracious, invasive pest whose skin secretion are lethal to many potential predators
Cane toad (B. marinus)
33
its 'typically frog-like' skin is thrown into folds (arrows) that act as accessory respiratory devices
Lake Titicaca Frog (Telmatobious culeus)
34
has so-called 'hairs' on the lateral body and femoral regions that also act as accessory respiratory devices
Hairy Frog (Trichobatrachus robustus)
35
layers of the epidermis (human skin)
- stratum corneum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum spinosum
- stratum basale
36
most superficial layer of the epidermis
stratum coneum
37
only in thick skin
stratum lucidum
38
deepest layer of the epidermis
stratum basale
39
(layers of epidermis wherein)
cells are dead; represented only by flat membranous sacs filled with keratin. Glycolipids in extracellular space
stratum corneum
40
(layers of epidermis wherein)
cells are flattened; organelles detoriating; cytoplasm full of lamellated granules (release lipids) and keratohyaline granules
stratum granulosum
41
(layers of epidermis wherein)
cells contain thick undles of intermediate ilaments made of pre-keratin
stratum spinosum
42
(layers of epidermis wherein)
cells are actively mitotic stem cells; some newly formed cell become part of the more superficial layers
stratum basale
43
skin correlates of the epidermis
- callous
- blisters
- sin infections/disorders
- skin cancer
44
due to constant rubbing of skin - cell division is stimulated
callous
45
rubbing the skin too hard makes stratum basale to tear away from the basement membrane, and causes a gap which fills the fluid
blisters
46
dermis: papillary layer contains ______ connective tissue
loose
47
the papillary layer in the dermis is what forms our ______
fingerprints
48
dermis: reticular layer contains _____ CT, ____, _____
- dense irregular
- collagen
- elastin
49
strongest layer of the dermis
reticular layer
50
stretch marks are caused from _____ in the _____ of the dermis
- tiny tears
- collagen
51
dermis contains _____, _____, _____
- skin glands
- blood vessels
- nervous structures
52
dermis contains _____, _____, _____
- skin glands
- blood vessels
- nervous structures
53
for light touch
Meissner's Corpuscle
54
for vibration and pressure
Pacinian Corpuscle
55
clinical correlates of the dermis
- stretch marks
- scar
- wrinkles
56
skin is cut in / against the line of cleavage
scar
57
skin begins to sag (due to age) because the body makes less collagen, and some is lost from sun exposure
wrinkles
58
fat layer
hypodermis
59
hypodermis contains _____, _____, _____
- fibrous tissue
- blood vessels
- nerves
60
hypodermis has two variations:
- shins: thin
- buttocks: thick
61
2 functions of hypodermis
- stores fat
- cushions and insulation from cold because of heat produced by the larger blood vessels in this layers
62
clincal correlates of hypodermis
- fat belly
- burns (up to 3rd degree)
63
surgical procedure of removing fats in the region
lipouction
64
minor burn to the epidermis; sunburn
1st degree burn
65
dermis separates from epidermis; blister
2nd degree
66
dermis separates from epidermis; blister
2nd degree
67
hypodermis is burned
3rd degree
68
most sever type of burn
3rd degree
69
glands could be:
- sebaceous
- sweat
70
small glands in the skin that secretes sebum into hair follicles
sebaceous
71
small glands in the skin that secrete sweat
sweat glands
72
small glands in the skin that secrete sweat
sweat glandsfounlll,,,
73
small glands in the skin that secrete sweat
sweat glandsfounlll,,,
74
small glands in the skin that secrete sweat
sweat glandsfounlll,,,
75
small glands in the skin that secrete sweat
sweat glandsfounlll,,,
76
small glands in the skin that secrete sweat
sweat glandsfounlll,,,
76
small glands in the skin that secrete sweat
sweat glandsfounlll,,,
76
small glands in the skin that secrete sweat
sweat glandsfounlll,,,
76
small glands in the skin that secrete sweat
sweat glandsfounlll,,,
76
small glands in the skin that secrete sweat
sweat glands
77
sebaceous glands are found all throughout the body except for _____
palms and soles
78
sweat glands are found in the ____, _____, _____, ____, and ______
- ear
- eyelids
- armpits
- areola
- external genitalia
79
2 types of sweat glands
- apocrine sweat glands
- eccrine sweat glands
80
2 types of sweat glands
- apocrine sweat glands
- eccrine sweat glands
80
2 types of sweat glands
- apocrine sweat glands
- eccrine sweat glands
80
2 types of sweat glands
- apocrine sweat glands
- eccrine sweat glands
81
secrete oily or waxy substances
sebaceous glands
82
sevrete viscous and odorous substance
sweat glands
83
sebaceous glands' secretion is composed of
-lactic acid
- amino acid
glucose
- traces of urea
- sodium chloride
- water
84
sweat glands' secretion is composed of
- fatty acids
- hydrocarbons
85
main function of sebaceous glands
- lubrication
86
main function of sweat glands
- controlling the temperature
- excretion
87
produced keratin (waterproof and strong)
keratinocyte
88
used as sensory receptors for the sense of light touch
merkel cells
89
ingest debris
macrophages
90
produce melanin
malanocytes
91
dark brown pigment;
the only color pigment we can produce
melanin
92
this layer of epidermis contains actively dividing cells
stratum basale
93
cells are made in the stratum basale, the ____ cells get pushed up and become the next layer in the _____
- older cells
- stratum spinosum
94
the cells in the s. spinosum are attached to each other by _____
desmosomes
95
unlike s. basale, s. spinosum are not ____-
dividing
96
white blood cells that function in the immune response; made in the red bone marrow
langerhan's cells
97
the s. spinosum provides _____ to the epidermis
strength
98
as more new cells are made in the s. basale, the . spinosum layer is ___ to become the s. granulosum
pushed up
99
why do the cells in s. granulosum begin to die?
because they are now too far from nutriet source
100
cells in s. granulosum have ____ appearance
grainy
101
in ____ layer, the dead cells fill up with keratin
s. corneum
102
- the cells lose their nucleus
- fuse to squamous sheets, which are shed from the surface in about 2 weeks
desquamation
103
how many days does it take for a cell to mve from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum
15-30 days
104
this layer is only on the palms and soles
stratum lucidum
105
the s. lucidum is deep to the ____ and superficial to the _____
- s. corneum
- s. granulosum
106
s. lucidum is a ____ layer that provides potection from ____
- thin
- UV radiation
