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ZOO 201 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Skeleton transmits the force generated by muscle contraction, providing _______ and for _______

A
  • support for maintenance of posture
  • movement and locomotion
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2
Q

Skeleton often serves to amplify the ______________

A

displacement, the velocity or the force of muscle contraction

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3
Q

2 major categories of skeleton

A
  • non-rigid
  • rigid
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4
Q

2 major categories of skeleton

A
  • non-rigid
  • rigid
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5
Q

hydrostatic skeleton is ______

A

non-rigid

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6
Q

water pressure inside an earthworm is an example of _____ skeleton

A

non-rigid

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7
Q

bones inside the human hand is an example of ______

A

endoskeleton

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8
Q

the shell outside a snail is an example of _____

A

exoskeleton

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9
Q

inn hydrostatic skeleton, force is transmitted not through rigid skeletal elements but instead by ________

A

internal pressure

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10
Q

skeleton is _____

(rigid or non-rigid)

A

rigid

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11
Q

2 variations of skeleton

A
  • endoskeleton
  • exoskeleton
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12
Q

exoskeleton is secreted by the ______

A

epidermis

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13
Q

exoskeleton is secreted by the ______

A

epidermis

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14
Q

exoskeleton can be:

A
  • chitin exoskeleton
  • calcium carbonate exoskeleton
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15
Q

functions of the skeletal system

A
  • support
  • movement
  • protection
  • blood production
  • storage
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16
Q

5 types of bone

A
  • long bone
  • short bone
  • irregular bone
  • sesamoid bone
  • flat bone
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17
Q

example of long bone

A

humerus

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18
Q

example of short bone

A

caral bone

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19
Q

example of irregular bone

A

vertebra

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20
Q

example of flat bone

A

sternum

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21
Q

example of sesamoid bone

A
  • patalla
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22
Q

bone formation and development (20

A
  • intramembranous ossification
  • endochondral ossification
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23
Q

intramembranous ossification =

A
  • membrane / dermal bone
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24
Q

endochondral ossification =

A

cartilage bone / replacement bone

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25
Q

intramembranous ossification commences in ____

A

utero

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26
Q

this ossification continues on into adolescence

A

intramembranous ossification

27
Q

bdvisions of the skeletal system

A
  • axial
  • appendicular
28
Q

bones of the appendages and grdles

A

appendicular

29
Q

bones of the head and the trunk

A

axialaxial skeleton includes:

29
Q

bones of the head and the trunk

A

axial

30
Q

axial skeleton includes:

A
  • skull
  • hyoid bone
  • vertebral olumn
    -bony thorax
31
Q

structures of long bone:

A

-periosteum
- compact bone
- spongy bone
- bone marrow

32
Q

fills the gaps between the spongy bone

A

bone marrow

33
Q

lies beneath the periosteum

A

compact bone

34
Q

covers bones

A

periosteum

35
Q

lies beneath the compact bone

A

spongy bone

36
Q

total number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

37
Q

total number of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

38
Q

total number of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

39
Q

the only bone that does not articulate with another bonr

A

hyoid bone / apparatus

40
Q

hyoid bone serves as a ____ base for the tongue, and other muscle attachments

A

movable

41
Q

appendicular skeleton includes:

A
  • pectoral girdle
  • upper limbs
  • pelvic girdle
  • lower limbs
42
Q

the skeletal framework that provides attachment for the forelimbs or pectoral fins

A

pectoral girdle

43
Q

pectoral girdle includes:

A
  • clavicle
  • scapula
44
Q

upper limbs include:

A

arms

45
Q

pelvic girdle uncludes:

A
  • sarcum
  • coccyx
46
Q

lower limbs include

A
  • legs
47
Q

bone articulations

A
  • fibrous
  • cartilaginous
  • synovial
48
Q

sightly movable, bones are attached by cartilage, little movement

A

crtilginous

49
Q

immovable articulation

A

fibrous

50
Q

freely movable, much more movement than cartilaginous joints

A

synovial

51
Q

cavities between bones are filled with ______

A

synovial fluid

52
Q

examples of cartilaginous bones

A

spine or ribs

53
Q

examples of fibrous bones

A

skull and pelvis

54
Q

the skeletal framework that provides attachment for the hindlimbs or pelvic fins

A

pelvic girdle

55
Q

6 types of joint

A
  • plane joint
  • hinge joint
  • pivot joint
  • condyloid joint
  • saddle joint
  • ball-and-socket joint
56
Q

clinical correlates of bones (under bone growth)

A
  • longitudinal growth
  • circumferential growth
57
Q

clinical correlates of bones (under bone development)

A
  • typical adult bone development
  • aging
  • women
58
Q

longitudinal growth of bones stops at ____ y/o

A

18

59
Q
  • diameter increases throughou lifespan
  • most rapid growth at childhood
A
  • circumferential growth
60
Q

other clinicalcorrelates of bones:

A
  • bone hypertrophy and atrophy
  • osteoporosis
  • female athlete triad
61
Q

a disorder involving decreased bone mass and strength with one or more resulting fractures

A

osteoporosis

62
Q

reduced bone mineral density

A

osteopenia

ZOO 201 (16 decks)

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