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MT-MLS105 (ANAPHY) > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of Skin, Hair, Nails, and 2 types of Glands. Your skin forms the boundary between your body and the external environment.

A

Integumentary System

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2
Q

______ is the first line of defense.

A

Skin

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3
Q

Functions of Integumentary System.

A

Protection
Sensation
Temperature Regulation
Vitamin D production

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4
Q

What are the organs that regulates temperature?

A

hypodermis which is made up of adipose tissue; we also have glands and pores that secrete fluid to cool down

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5
Q

How is Vitamin D being produce?

A

aside from melanin, exposing yourself to sunlight allows your skin to produce this vitamin

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6
Q

Why is Skin the largest organ of the body?

A

It covers the entire surface of the body.

Weight: 6 to 8 pounds Surface Area: 20 square feet

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7
Q

Thin outer layer part of skin. Mainly to resists abrasion of the skin surface and to prevent water loss of skin coming from dermis layer.

A

Epidermis

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8
Q

Structure of Epidermis

A

Keratinized Stratified Squamous

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9
Q

The middle layer of skin.

A

Dermis

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10
Q

Structure of Dermis

A

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

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11
Q

Why is Dermis’ structure like that?

A

The structure is like that because in different directions it can extend the pressure. If it is pinched or stretched it can go back to its original shape.

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12
Q

Fatty Layer consists of loose connective tissue.

A

Hypodermis

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13
Q

Structure of Hypodermis

A

Adipose Tissue

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14
Q

In other references, hypodermis is not being considered as part of the skin/integumentary because its main function is?

A

to connect your dermis to the muscle.

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15
Q

The outer layer varies on the type of skin. What are these types?

A

Thick Skin - part kung saan tayo nagkakaroon ng kalyo (like palms and soles)

Thin Skin - located all over your body

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16
Q

Epidermis is the one that receives nutrients and excretes waste products by?

A

diffusion

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17
Q

We don’t produce nutrients in the epidermis because it is?

A

avascular

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18
Q

mainly located in the outer layer of the skin; produces keratin that’s why skin is more durable

A

Keratinocytes

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19
Q

Keratinocytes also gives the ___________ of epidermis which is resistant to abrasion and prevention of water loss.

A

main function

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20
Q

Responsible for skin color, the one that’s producing melanin.

A

Melanocytes

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21
Q

Immune cells; Part of white blood cells, it’s a macrophage.

A

Langerhans Cell

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22
Q

___________ is a type of a white blood cell; Inside the blood vessel it is still called _________ now if it goes out from the blood vessel to the tissue it is now called a macrophage.

A

monocyte

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23
Q

They are specialized epidermal cells that are associated with nerve endings.

A

Merkel Cell

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24
Q

Merkel Cell are responsible for sensation such as?

A

detecting light touch and superficial pressure.

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25
A process where the cytoplasm of the outermost of cells are replaced with keratin.
Keratinization or “cornification”
26
The different layers of epidermis change as they go up. Therefore as they go up they change structure ____________.
Chemically
27
From normal cells or normal cytoplasm they get replaced with _________.
keratin
28
Examples of keratinization
feathers, hair, claws, nails, and horns
29
One individual sheds?
1 pound of skin
30
Example if we get sweaty and we rub our skin it will shed. Those are the dead layer or the __________.
Keratinocytes
31
This is the visible one, the outer layer.
Stratum Corneum
32
The color White part in the picture.
Stratum Lucidum
33
Part where it has granules.
Startum Granulosum
34
Second to the most inner layer.
Stratum Spinosum
35
Lowest Part or Deepest layer
Stratum Basale
36
5 layers for thick skin while 4 layers for thin skin. In thin Skin ___________ is not present.
Stratum Lucidum
37
Stratum Basale contains basal cells. What shape are they?
Cuboidal or Columnar
38
Stratum Basale contains _______ that produces Melanin.
Melanocytes
39
Stratum Basale also contains _________________ that is responsible for sensation.
Merkel cells or “Merkel-Ranvier Cells”
40
In other reference, Stratum Basale is also known as ___________________.
Stratum Germinativum
41
The cells in our Stratum Basale are highly __________ so they undergo mitosis. They are responsible for producing new skin cells to replace the one at the top.
mitotic
42
In Stratum Basale, approximately every _______, it undergoes mitotic division.
19 days
43
Stratum Basale's cell usually takes _____________ before it could reach the epidermis surface and before they could slab off.
40 to 56 days
44
Stratum Spinosum contains ___________ layers of many sided cells.
8 to 10
45
Resides above basal layer. Multilayer of distorted “spined” cells or torn like
Stratum Spinosum
46
What are the cells in Stratum Spinosum?
Keratinocytes and Langerhans Cells
47
Structure of Stratum Spinosum.
They are from Stratum Basale that was pushed upward that’s why usually their surface flattens and their desmosomes almost break apart
48
Why is Stratum Granulosum a little darker?
Because of protein granule
49
This is where the name Granulosum came from.
Granular layer
50
Keratinocytes from the spinosum migrate to form what in Stratum Granulosum?
protein granules
51
Other term for protein granules.
Little gray
52
In the upper part of this area where you could see the nucleus is flat it means that these cells are already?
dead cells
53
How many layers for Stratum Granulosum?
2 to 5 layers
54
A translucent layer that could be only seen in the thick skin.
Stratum Lucidum
55
Lucid means?
Clear
56
In Stratum Lucidum, Keratinocytes are filled with?
ELEIDIN (intermediate form)
57
Eleiden forms when the cells get pushed from Stratum Granulosum to this area then it will be filled with?
keratin
58
How many layers for Stratum Corneum?
25 or more layers of Dead Keratinized tissue (Corneocytes)
59
It depends on the type of skin how _______ Stratum Corneum is.
thick
60
Stratum Corneum is the one that __________ (pag naghihilod or nagkakamot) and the on in contact with skin.
slabs off
61
Stratum Corneum has a mixture of ______ and ______ keratin.
hard and soft
62
What skin type is this? Basement Membrane is directly in contact with stratum basale, the next is stratum spinosum, then next is stratum granulosum, then the outer layer which is stratum corneum.
Thin Skin
63
Thin Skin's Stratum Corneum isn’t that?
thick
64
Majority of the body. Contains your?
hair follicles sebaceous glands sweat glands
65
The thickness of Stratum Corneum affects the color of skin; this is why Thin Skin is _________ since the Stratum Corneum can’t cover the other layer
darker
66
Stratum Corneum is thicker. 5 layers. Hairless.
Thick Skin
67
Where is Thick Skin Located?
Palms and Soles
68
The thickness of Stratum Corneum affects the color of skin this is why Thick Skin is _________ and _________ since the Stratum Corneum can cover the other layers.
whiter and lighter
69
Thickest layer of the skin (varies from region to region of the body)
Dermis
70
What type of tissue is Dermis?
Dense collagenous connective tissue (irregular)
71
Dermis contains?
Nerves hair follicles smooth muscles glands lymphatic vessels
72
Dermis' cells
Fibroblasts - connective tissue Macrophages Mast Cells WBCs
73
This fiber type strengthens your tissue
Collagen
74
This fiber type has elasticity
Elastic
75
This fiber type is responsible for binding the collagen and elastic
Reticular
76
Dermis stores much of the body’s supply of?
Water
77
Dermis supplies nutrients to the?
epidermis
78
Dermis regulates?
Body Temperature
79
Projections on the upper part of dermis which extend toward the dermis
Dermal papillae
80
Dermal Papillae contain many?
Blood vessels
81
Dermal Papillae can improve ______.
grip
82
Dermal Papillae forms _____________ and ___________ in the palm and sole (ridges)
fingerprints and footprints
83
Regulates body temperature. Supplies epidermis with nutrient-filled blood.
Papillary Layer
84
Structure of Papillary Layer
Loose Connective Tissue
85
Provides structure and elasticity. Supports components of skin. Accessory structures can be found here.
Reticular Layer
86
Structure of Reticular Layer
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
87
Medical Term of Stretch Marks
Striae
88
Also known as “Subcutaneous layer”. Network of fat (adipose) and collagen.
Hypodermis
89
What type of tissue is Hypodermis?
(areolar) Loose Connective Tissue
90
Functions of Hypodermis
Shock-absorber for body Insulator Stores fat as energy reserve
91
Everywhere in the skin except in the thick skin. Obtained color because of melanin with a mixture of keratin.
Hair
92
This type hair does not project beyond the hair follicles. It is Short and narrow, can be found in the surface.
Vellus
93
Where can Vellus be found?
Fingers
94
This type of hari is longer and deep within the hair valve. Thicker and heavily pigmented.
Terminal
95
Where can Terminal be found?
Underarm air pubic area beard
96
Concentric Layers of the Hair
Inner Medulla Cortex Cuticle (outermost)
97
Cuticle is covered by?
hard keratin
98
Bleaching removes the _______ and _______ in the cortex.
melanin and keratin
99
Hair bulb is directly attached to the?
dermis
100
smooth muscle
Arrector Pili Muscle
101
How to find Arrector Pili Muscle?
Always look for the hair root
102
Arrector Pili Muscle react with?
cold temperature and emotions (fear) - arrector pili contracts “Goose Flesh”
103
Homologous to Stratum Corneum (epidermis). Has different minerals such as calcium.
Nails
104
Inside the nails is?
Nail Matrix
105
In other books, the other term for this is cuticle. Alive Cells (prominent nucleus and cells).
Eponychium
106
_________ the cuticle is eponychium
After
107
Nails grows at an average rate of ____________ a day
0.5 - 1.2 mm
108
Nails grow faster on our dominant hand because?
it serves as a protection mechanism of our body
109
Sebocytes. Flower in shape.
Sebaceous Glands
110
secretion of lipids / sebum oils
SEBUM
111
Vagina has _______ that maintains the acidic pH.
lactobacili
112
Infection on Skin
Staphylococcus aureus
113
In contact with normal flora =
body secretion can have odor
114
sudoriferous glands
Sweat Glands
115
How many sweat glands in adult?
3 - 4 millions sweat glands
116
Majority of our sweat glands
Eccrine / Merocrine
117
Secretion of Eccrine / Merocrine
Isotonic fluid with salt
118
Genitals, armpits; Odorless unless contacted with normal flora
Apocrine
119
Secretion for Apocrine
3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (Short chained fatty acid)
120
Modified eccrine glands located in the external auditory canal
Ceruminous Glands
121
Cerumen or commonly known as?
earwax
122
Present in the breast Modified Apocrine glands Produce milk
Mammary Gland
123
What function is this? Protects our body from infection Macrophage
Protection - acidic pH
124
Raise or Lower temperature Sweating / produce secretion - part of cooldown
Thermoregulation
125
Who are the responsible for thermoregulation?
adipose tissue and blood vessel
126
Changes in temperature Light touch and pressure Millions of sensory nerve fibers
Sensory perception
127
Sweat Glands, sebum - excretion in our pores
Excretion
128
Mainly because of the sunlight
Vitamin D production
129
Function of Vitamin D production
Hormone rather than a vitamin Required to absorb the calcium in the gut to the bloodstream
130
Functions of the Integumentary System that Declines with Age
Flattening of the dermal - epidermal junction Decreased sensitivity - pain perception Uneven pigmentation Wrinkled Skin Dry Skin - atrophy of sebaceous glands

MT-MLS105 (ANAPHY) (15 decks)

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