The Microscope

Question 1

Microscope is the combination of two words: “micro” meaning ______ and “scope” meaning ______.

Answer 1

small
view

Question 2

What year is this? Anton van Leeuwenhoek grinded lenses to achieve greater magnification which he utilized to make a microscope, enabling detailed observations to be made of bacteria.

Answer 2

1674

Question 3

What year is this? Salvino D’ Armate from Italy made the first eye glass, providing the wearer with an element of magnification to one eye, especially to those people with blurry eyes.

Answer 3

12th Century

Question 4

What happened in 1931 in the history for microscope?

Answer 4

Ernst Ruska starts to build the first electron microscope.

Question 5

What happened in 1st century in the history for microscope?

Answer 5

Romans experimented with glass and found objects appeared larger when viewed. Reading Stone: The first vision instrument.

Question 6

What year is this? Joseph Jackson Lister created an achromatic lens to eradicate the chromatic effect caused by different wavelengths of light.

Answer 6

1826

Question 7

What year is this? Galileo Galilei developed a compound microscope with convex and a concave lens.

Answer 7

1609

Question 8

What happened in 1665 in the history for microscope?

Answer 8

Robert Hooke’s book called Micrographia officially documented a wide range of observations through the microscope.

Question 9

What year is this? Two Dutch spectacle makers, Zacharias Jansen and his father Hans, started experimenting by mounting two lenses in a tube, the first compound microscope.

Answer 9

1590

Question 10

In the 1st Century, only lenses were used and that is called?

Answer 10

Reading stone

Question 11

In 12th Century, a small stone or a single lens was built to be attached to?

Answer 11

One eye

Question 12

When is two lenses developed?

Answer 12

1590

Question 13

A book written by Robert Hooke which serves as the landmark of the studies and depictions of the natural world’s smallest objects (cannot be seen by the naked eye).

Answer 13

Micrographia

Question 14

Robert Hooke first experimented with a _____ and he observed the meniscus structure of those pieces in the cork — leading to his discovery of the ______.

Answer 14

bottle cork
cells

Question 15

He called the “Father of Microscopy.”

Answer 15

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 16

Anton van Leeuwenhoek founded the first simple microscope and first person to see and describe what elements?

Answer 16

bacteria, protozoa, yeast, and sperm.

Question 17

This is used for viewing viruses (requires specialized microscopes so cannot be seen in simple microscopes).

Answer 17

Electron Mircoscope

Question 18

The oldest and simplest type of microscope.

Answer 18

Optical Microscope

Question 19

Types of Lens System

Answer 19

Simple and Compound Microscope

Question 20

The different Optical Technique

Answer 20

1. Bright Field
2. Dark Field
3. Phase Contrast
4. Interference Fluorescence

Question 21

What are the optical techniques that were adapted to the bright field microscope?

Answer 21

Dark Field and Phase Contrast

Question 22

The bright field’s condenser was changed into a ________.

Answer 22

Dark Field Condenser

Question 23

__________ with matching objective was used for the phase contrast microscope.

Answer 23

The phase contrasting condenser

Question 24

This optical technique is looking at a specific object in a light background.

Answer 24

Bright Field

Question 25

This optical technique is looking at a light object in a dark background, has an opaque disk.

Answer 25

Dark Field

Question 26

A 3D dimension appearance of the object.

Answer 26

Interference Fluorescence

Question 27

A single lens traditionally called a loupe.

Answer 27

Simple Microscope

Question 28

Simple microscope uses natural light is the source to see the object. Therefor if there is no ____, the object will not be visible.

Answer 28

Sun

Question 29

Simple microscope's ______ is not present, and _______ is not adjustable.

Answer 29

condenser magnification

Question 30

The “simple microscope” or magnifying glass reached its highest state of perfection, in the ______, in the work of Anton van Leeuwenhoek who was able to see __________ and even some larger bacteria.

Answer 30

1600s single-celled animals (animalcules)

Question 31

It is most commonly used microscope. Its light is illuminated — it has its own source of light.

Answer 31

Compound Microscope

Question 32

Compound Microscope is often referred to as a __________.

Answer 32

Biological microscope

Question 33

What type of lens compound microscope uses to magnify images?

Answer 33

compound lens system

Question 34

What are the objectives of compound microscope and its magnification?

Answer 34

Scanner - 4x LPO - 10x HPO - 40x OIO - 100x

Question 35

Used to manipulate, probe, and separate tissues in delicate or small areas.

Answer 35

Dissecting Microscope

Question 36

Dissecting Microscope is also known as?

Answer 36

Stereoscopic microscope

Question 37

Dissecting Microscope uses a _______ that allowed us to observe live specimens as well as performing dissection under the microscope.

Answer 37

three-dimensional image

Question 38

One of the simplest optical microscopy. Uses illumination light transmitted through the sample and the contrast is generated by the absorption of light in dense areas of the specimen.

Answer 38

Bright Field

Question 39

Bright Field is used to view fixed and live specimens that have been stained with basic stains which gives a contrast between the image and the image background. What is fixed means?

Answer 39

Maintaining the integrity of the sample, already introduced a specific chemical.

Question 40

After the specimen is fixed, stain it for differentiation, identification of ______, or identification of presence of _______. | Bright Field

Answer 40

ruptures organism

Question 41

Adapted to the bright field microscope instead that they differ in the condenser used.

Answer 41

Dark Field

Question 42

What are present in dark field microscopes?

Answer 42

Presence of opaque disk

Question 43

Dark Field is used to illuminate ________ causing them to appear brightly lit against a dark background.

Answer 43

unstained samples

Question 44

Dark Field is used for the demonstration of very thin bacteria. Mostly in identification of?

Answer 44

spirochetes

Question 45

Used to enhance the contrast of light microscopy images of transparent and colorless specimens.

Answer 45

Phase Contrast

Question 46

Phase contrast is made by?

Answer 46

Frits Zernike

Question 47

Phase contrast is mostly used in?

Answer 47

Platelet count

Question 48

It is used in biomedical research to investigate the detailed structure of tissues, cells, organelles, and macromolecular complexes. For identification of viruses. What microscope is this?

Answer 48

Electron Microscope

Question 49

# In 1931, Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll developed the electron microscope In what country?

Answer 49

Germany

Question 50

What is the source of light of electron microscope?

Answer 50

electrons

Question 51

Magnification of the sample is through?

Answer 51

the beam of light

Question 52

# Which is/are false about Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)? Forms images by sunlight reflected back from the object. Used to visualize the surface of objects. Uses a wide electron beam to collect low-resolution, high-magnification images of backscattered electrons emitted from sample surfaces. Use in examination and analysis of micro and nanoparticle imaging characterization of solid objects. Typical magnification: 20,000x than TEM.

Answer 52

Forms images by electrons reflected back from the object. Uses a narrow electron beam to collect high-resolution, high-magnification images of backscattered electrons emitted from sample surfaces.

Question 53

# Which is/are flase about Transmission Electron Microscopes? Used to observe fine structure of cells for internal ultrastructure of cells. Uses a particle beam of electrons to visualize specimens and generate a highly-condensed image. Can magnify objects up to 2 million times.

Answer 53

Uses a particle beam of electrons to visualize specimens and generate a highly-magnified image.

Question 54

What is the total magnification of TEM?

Answer 54

20,000,000x

Question 55

arm; anything that supports the microscope. ## Footnote Groups of microscope parts

Answer 55

Mechanical supporting system

Question 56

magnification, where personnel would look at. ## Footnote Groups of microscope parts

Answer 56

Optical system

Question 57

source of light, regulation. ## Footnote Groups of microscope parts

Answer 57

Illumination system

Question 58

focusing of the objectives into the specimen and sharpening of image. ## Footnote Groups of microscope parts

Answer 58

Adjustment system

Question 59

Supports the microscope overall. ## Footnote Mechanical Supporting System

Answer 59

Base

Question 60

supports the tube and connects it to the base. Wherein nose piece, lenses, eyepiece are connected. ## Footnote Mechanical Supporting System

Answer 60

Arm

Question 61

horizontal platform with central opening. Has a hole in the middle where the sample is placed. Where light focuses on the sample. ## Footnote Mechanical Supporting System

Answer 61

Stage

Question 62

holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to easily change power; where objective lenses are connected into. ## Footnote Mechanical Supporting System

Answer 62

Revolving nose piece or Turret

Question 63

gives controlled movement to the object on the slide. ## Footnote Mechanical Supporting System

Answer 63

Mechanical stage

Question 64

one or more lenses held in position by hollow metal cylinder. ## Footnote Optical System

Answer 64

Objectives

Question 65

consist of upper eye lens and lower field lens. ## Footnote Optical System

Answer 65

Eyepiece

Question 66

How to get the total magnification? ## Footnote Optical System

Answer 66

magnification of eyepiece x magnification of objective

Question 67

What's the usual magnification of eyepiece? ## Footnote Optical System

Answer 67

10x or 15x

Question 68

This system is where its light is focused onto the specimen, uneven brightness. ## Footnote Illumination System

Answer 68

Critical

Question 69

This system is where its light is evenly distributed across the specimen. ## Footnote Illumination System

Answer 69

Koehler

Question 70

day light (simple) and electric light (compound). ## Footnote Illumination System

Answer 70

Source of light

Question 71

reflect light rays from light source to object, one side is concave and other side is plane. ## Footnote Illumination System

Answer 71

Mirror

Question 72

used for near light sources. ## Footnote Illumination System

Answer 72

Convace mirror

Question 73

used for distant sources of lighted daylight. ## Footnote Illumination System

Answer 73

Plane mirror

Question 74

focus the light onto the specimen and control illumination of light into the sample. ## Footnote Illumination System

Answer 74

Condenser

Question 75

used to regulate the amount of light passing into the condenser. ## Footnote Illumination System

Answer 75

Diaphragm

Question 76

contains blue and white filter below condenser. ## Footnote Illumination System

Answer 76

Filter

Question 77

raises or lowers the stage to bring image into focus. ## Footnote Adjustment System

Answer 77

Coarse adjusment knob

Question 78

brings image into sharp focus. ## Footnote Adjustment System

Answer 78

Fine adjusment knob

Question 79

on and off of lights. ## Footnote Other Parts

Answer 79

Power switch

Question 80

for holding the slide onto the stage. ## Footnote Other Parts

Answer 80

Stage clips

Question 81

for having the maximum and minimum lowering and raising of the stage. ## Footnote Other Parts

Answer 81

Stage stop

Question 82

adjustment of stages and moving it from left to right. ## Footnote Other Parts

Answer 82

Stage adjusment

Question 83

focusing the light into your specimen and controlling light illumination. ## Footnote Other Parts

Answer 83

Condenser adjusment

Question 84

for regulation of light intensity. ## Footnote Other Parts

Answer 84

Rhoestat control knob

Question 85

# Which is/are flase about proper use of the microscope? Place the microscope on a clean and flat surface. When carrying your microscope, always use one hand. Plug in and turn on the in-base illuminator. ## Footnote Proper Use of the Microscope

Answer 85

When carrying your microscope, always use two hands.

Question 86

# Which is/are flase about proper use of the microscope? Rotate the revolving nosepiece to the highest power objective lens. Turn on the microscope. Make sure that the light density is at the highest point. ## Footnote Proper Use of the Microscope

Answer 86

Rotate the revolving nosepiece to the lowest power objective lens. Make sure that the light density is at the lowest point.

Question 87

# Which is/are flase about proper use of the microscope? Mount your specimen onto the stage using its objectives. Rotate the focus knob/coarse adjustment knob until the objective lens hovers over the slide. Adjust the mirror, illuminator, and/or diaphragm for maximum light exposure. ## Footnote Proper Use of the Microscope

Answer 87

Mount your specimen onto the stage using its metal clips.

Question 88

# Which is/are flase about proper use of the microscope? Adjust the coarse and fine adjustment knobs until the image is focused. Switch to the next powerful objective lens and make final focus adjustments. Proper sequence: scanner > HPO > LPO (for tissue) > OIO (for blood cells) Examine your specimen. Always keep both eyes open. ## Footnote Proper Use of the Microscope

Answer 88

Switch to the next powerful objective lens and make final focus adjustments. Proper sequence: scanner > LPO > HPO (for tissue) > OIO (for blood cells)

Question 89

# Which is/are flase about proper use of the microscope? Disinfect the eyepiece and nosepiece. Remove and store your microscope’s slides. Put the objective lens and nose piece on the highest power objective. Maybe HPO or OIO. ## Footnote Proper Use of the Microscope

Answer 89

Clean, remove, and store your microscope’s slides. Put the objective lens and nose piece on the lowest power objective. Maybe LPO or scanner.

Question 90

# Which is/are flase about proper use of the microscope? Turn off your microscope’s light. Unplug the cord, wrap it up, and secure it with a tie. Cover the body of your microscope with a microscope dust cover. ## Footnote Proper Use of the Microscope

Answer 90

None