Integumentary System Deck 2 Flashcards
(44 cards)
Ointments
Water suspended in oil
• Excellent lubrication
• Generally most potent vehicles
• Greasy, not useful in hairy areas
Ointments do what
facilitate heat retention, prevent water loss, semi occlusive.
Ointments apply
two to three times per day to dry,
lichenified lesions, particularly after
moisturizing the skin
cream are
Cosmetically appealing • Semi-solid – emulsions of oil in 20 to 50% water • Same medication, different potency – Ointments > cream formulations > lotions
Lotions
Least potent • Useful in hairy areas and large areas • Powder-in-water – shake container • Evaporate • Cooling and drying effects • Useful for treating – moist dermatoses – pruritis
Solutions
Contain water or non-aqueous • Bath soaks and open wet dressings – provide coolness – aid in drying exudative lesions • Vasoconstriction – results in decreased local blood flow – reduction in local edema
Solutions used in Wet Dressings
Permit the cleansing of exudate
– maintain drainage in infected lesions
Wet dressings should be changed every
6 hours for 2 to 3 days – Prior to determining effectiveness
Closed wet dressings polyurethane plastic
Closed wet dressings polyurethane plastic
– allows heat to be retained
– prevents evaporation
– causes maceration
Gels are
• Oil-in-water emulsion
– alcohol base
– thin, greaseless, non-staining film
Gels benefit and charticteristics
Transparent, colorless, semi-solid emulsions
that liquefy on contact with the skin
• Therapeutic advantage of ointments
• Cosmetic advantages of cream
Gels are great in
hairy areas and acne
Foams are
Gaseous bubbles in a matrix of liquid film
Foams benefits
Spread readily • Easier to apply – inflamed skin – scalp dermatoses • More cosmetically acceptable – lead to high compliance
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors used for
atopic dermatitis
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors MOA
Inhibit calcineurin
– Inhibit T cells, Langerhans’ cells, mast cells,
and keratinocytes
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors are not to be used in
Not to be used in immunocompromised
patients or children under 2.
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors have a
Black Box warning about long-term safety
because of rare cases of malignancy
Topical Antipsoriasis Agents are used for
the treatment of psoriasis
Topical Antipsoriasis Agents examples
calcipotriene
Coal tar
Tazotene
calcipotriene
– A vitamin D derivative
– Suppresses lymphocyte activity
Coal tar
Enzyme inhibition
Tazarotene
Topical retinoid prodrug
Topical Antipsoriasis Agents ADR
– All cause burning, stinging, erythema, dermatitis
– Calcipotriene should not be prescribed in patients with hypercalcemia;
hypercalcemia occurs if greater than 100 g/week used
