Module 4 Pearls

Question 1

Two branches of ANS

Answer 1

parasympethitic (rest and digest)

sympethetic (fight, flight, freeze)

Question 2

Acetylcholine works on the

Answer 2

parasympethetic

Question 3

Adrenergic drugs

Answer 3

work on epi, norepi, dopamine

Question 4

Adrenergic agonists and adrenergic antagonists work on the

Answer 4

sympathetic nervous system

Question 5

Adrenergic Effects

Answer 5

Dry mouth
– Dilated pupils
– Increased contractility
– Increased heart rate
– Bronchodilation
– Bladder fundus relaxation,
sphincter contraction

Question 6

Cholinergic effects

Answer 6

– Constricted pupils
– Increased saliva
– Bronchoconstriction
– Increased gastrointestinal
mucus
– Bladder fundus contraction

Question 7

Cholinergic drugs are

Answer 7

parasympathomimetic (mimic parasympathetic nervous system)

Question 8

Cholinergic-blocking drugs are

Answer 8

Parasympatholytic, anticholinergic, or antimuscarinic

Question 9

Adrenergic Drugs are

Answer 9

Sympathmimetic

Question 10

Adrenergic-blocking drugs are

Answer 10

sympatholytic

Question 11

Alpha-adrenergic physiological

activities

Answer 11

Vasoconstriction of arterioles,
resulting in higher blood
pressure
– Pupil dilation
– Relaxation of the gut

Question 12

Beta-adrenergic physiological

activities

Answer 12

– Cardiac acceleration and
increased contractility
– Vasodilation of arterioles
supplying skeletal muscles
– Bronchial relaxation
– Uterine relaxation

Question 13

Alpha1 receptors

Answer 13

Alpha1 receptors: nasal congestion, hypotension, dilation of pupils for eye
examination

Question 14

Alpha2 receptors

Answer 14

Alpha2 receptors: hypertension (HTN)

Question 15

Beta1 receptors

Answer 15

Beta1 receptors: cardiac arrest, heart failure, shock

Question 16

Beta2

Answer 16

Beta2 receptors: asthma, premature labor contractions

Question 17

Beta2

Answer 17

Beta2 receptors: asthma, premature labor contractions

Question 18

Alpha 2 agonist example

Answer 18

clonidine, guanfacine

Question 19

Alpha 2 agonists do what

Answer 19

slow heart rate and cause vasodialation by working centrally in the brain

Question 20

Clonidine does what

Answer 20

– Lowers blood pressure and heart rate
– Used for treatment of withdrawal
symptoms
– Used for attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder
– Agitation and increased physiological
arousal

Question 21

Beta 2 Agonists give an example

Answer 21

albuterol

Question 22

Beta 2 main use

Answer 22

bhroncodialation

Question 23

Alpha 2 receptors are assicated with

Answer 23

relaxation and inhibition of norepi release

Question 24

When discontinuing clonidine what should you do

Answer 24

taper the dose due to the downregulation that occurs and potential for rebound hypertension

Question 25

Alpha1 blocker action (alpha adrenergic antagonists)

Answer 25

Action: block alpha receptors | leading to vasodilation

Question 26

Alpha 1 example

Answer 26

prazosin (minipress), flomax

Question 27

Beta antagonists (Beta1) found in

Answer 27

eyes, heart, respiratory system

Question 28

Beta1 should be used in caution with folks who have

Answer 28

restrictive airway disease like Asthma

Question 29

Beta blockers do what

Answer 29

block catecholamines

Question 30

beta blockers can be

Answer 30

selective to beta one or non selective to beta1

Question 31

Beta blocker example

Answer 31

propanol, atenolol

Question 32

beta bloker use

Answer 32

htn, MI, angina, migraine porfolxes, arythhmia

Question 33

``` Cholineric Agonists (parasympathomimetics, muscarinic agonists) Categories ```

Answer 33

muscarinic agonists, cholinersterase | inhibitors, ganglionic stimulants

Question 34

Cholinergic agonists are not

Answer 34

specific when targeting organs and because of this there can be a lot of ADR

Question 35

What does it mean when we say that cholinergic agonists are either direct or indirect

Answer 35

direct produces Ach and indirect inhibits the breakdown of Ach

Question 36

Indirect acting drugs work by

Answer 36

inhibiting breakdown throuh cholinesterase inhibitors

Question 37

Uses of Cholinergic Drugs

Answer 37

* Decrease intraocular pressure in glaucoma * Improve bladder and GI tone * Diagnose and treat myasthenia gravis * Treat anticholinergic toxicity

Question 38

Muscarinic receptors are found in

Answer 38

GI tract: Increase GI motility – Bladder: Increase urinary output – Sweat Glands: Increase exocrine gland secretions: • Lacrimal—increase lubrication to the eyes • Sweat • Intestinal • Salivary – Eyes: Pupil constriction (miosis) and ciliary muscle constriction – Lungs: Bronchoconstriction and narrowing of the airways – Heart: Decrease pulse – Blood Vessels: vasodilation leading to decrease blood pressure

Question 39

Direct-acting muscarinic agonists work in one of two ways:

Answer 39

``` 1. Entering the synaptic cleft and binding directly to ACh receptors to produce a greater effect 2. Increasing the amount of ACh that is released from the neuron terminals, so that more ACh reaches the receptor sites ```

Question 40

Indirect-Acting Muscarinic Agonists | Work by blocking

Answer 40

``` Work by blocking acetylcholinesterase (AChE). – Prevent AChE from destroying ACh • Often called AChE inhibitors. ```

Question 41

Cholinergic agonist example

Answer 41

nicotine

Question 42

Muscarinic agonist example

Answer 42

ACh (Miochol) Carbachol (Isopto Carbachol), pilocarpine (Ispto Carpine), behanechol (Urecholine)

Question 43

Cholinestrase inhibitor example (Refersable)

Answer 43

Aricept, galantamine, pyridostigmine, phystigmine (Antilirium)

Question 44

Irreversable agents are

Answer 44

highly toxic and used as chemical weapons