intelligence in practise Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is one definition of intelligence according to Weschler (1975)?
The capacity of a person to understand the world and meet its demands.
What did Kline (1991) define intelligence as?
A general reasoning capacity useful in problem-solving tasks of all kinds
What is intelligence not?
Learning, general knowledge, artistic ability, practical skills, creativity, common sense, or success.
Who introduced the concept of “g” (general intelligence)?
Charles Spearman (1904)
What statistical method did Spearman create to support his theory of g?
Factor analysis.
What are fluid and crystallized intelligence according to Cattell (1967)?
Fluid intelligence: biologically based reasoning ability (e.g., working memory).
Crystallized intelligence: factual knowledge built through experience.
What does Carroll’s Three-Stratum Theory include?
Stratum I: Narrow abilities
Stratum II: Broad abilities (e.g., fluid intelligence)
Stratum III: General intelligence (g)
How is intelligence typically measured?
Through tasks requiring reasoning, comprehension, and problem-solving, often yielding an overall IQ score.
What is the formula for IQ?
IQ = (Mental Age / Expected Age Score) × 100
Why are IQ scores standardized?
To enable comparison across different ages and populations.
What does the IQ bell curve show?
Most scores cluster around the mean (100), with fewer at the extremes.
What are some practical uses of IQ tests?
Identifying learning needs
Educational placement
Predicting academic and occupational success
What are some benefits of IQ testing?
Predicts outcomes
Stable over time
Identifies gifted or at-risk children
What are criticisms of IQ tests?
Cultural bias
Overemphasis on verbal skills
Doesn’t account for creativity or practical skills
May reflect crystallized over fluid intelligence
What are ethical concerns with IQ testing?
Risk of misclassification
Impact on self-concept
Stereotype threat
Educational inequality
What is stereotype threat in relation to IQ testing?
The risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s group, which can harm performance.
What’s the overall conclusion about intelligence and IQ?
Intelligence is abstract but measurable and predictive; however, using IQ scores on an individual level requires caution due to validity and ethical concerns.
