Intervention Mapping
- A procedure that helps to choose and apply appropriate theory when trying to change behaviour
- A planning tool that helps you think about which piece to change
Why do we use intervention mapping?
- To apply our taught theories to real life problems
- To provide a structured approach to problem solving
How do we select a theory?
- Who are we talking about?
- What is their context?
- What is stopping them from changing behaviour?
- What is needed to change behaviour?
Intervention Framework 6 steps are…
- Needs assessment
- Intervention objectives
- Processes and techniques
- Intervention Assembly
- Adoption and Implementation
- Evaluation
Step 1
- Needs Assessment
- Identify the context of the intervention (target population, setting, community)
- State the goals of the program (what behaviour do we want to change and ultimate goals?)
- What is the specific behaviour change targeted?
Step 2
- Objectives
- What is it you actually want to do?
- What are the expected outcomes for the behaviour?
- What are the determinants of behavioural outcomes?
Determinants
- The constructs within the theories
- What is in their way and stopping them from changing behaviour?
- What are their current attitudes towards the behaviour?
Step 3
- Processes and techniques
- Choose a theory and evidence-based change methods
- What is the best theory I can use to talk about the specific determinants?
- What is the best theory I can address this with?
- How will I deliver those methods?
Evidence-based change methods
- Starting from construct and working backwards to theory
- e.g. Enhancing self efficacy links to social cognitive theory
Step 4
- Intervention assembly
- How am I going to build the intervention? How will it look?
- How will I talk to people?
- Materials, messages, protocols
Step 5
- Program Implementation
- Who is going to administer/facilitate the program?
- How long will the intervention go on for?
Step 6
- Evaluation
- To see if it works
- How will I know the program was effective?
- Loops back to Step 1 because not one intervention works every time for everything; it is an ongoing process
Other considerations
- Structure of interventions
- Specific behaviour change targeted
- Modifiable processes that regulate behaviour (determinants)
- Intervention content (techniques used)
- Mode of delivery
- Intervention components (materials and methods used)
- Setting (during and after assessment)
- Fit between intervention and cultural and practical context (always have to refine, lots of overlap_
- Characteristics and qualifications of those delivering intervention
- Intensity of each session
- Overall duration of sessions over period of time
- Fidelity (adherence to design)
- Evaluation of intervention
Thai Example (Step 1)
- Needs assessment
- Only 2% of female undergraduate students were PA
Thai Example (Step 2)
- Setting objectives
- Increase PA in students to at least 30 minutes per day
Thai Example (Step 3)
- Theoretical Design
- Social cognitive theory using self-regulation to increase self-efficacy
Thai Example (Step 4)
- Practical Plan
- Students set goals and use a pedometer to self-monitor
Thai Example (Step 5)
- Implementation
- Via a website because of big population size
Thai Example (Step 6)
- Evaluation
- Research on the intervention
Thai Example (Conclusion)
- The SCT based internet intervention successfully promoted and maintained PA in university female students
- SE and SR were responsible for increases in PA at end of the intervention but the effects did not remain after the 3 months follow up (their PA went back down)
How do we translate theory-based methods in practical use?
- Fit it with the intervention population and context it will be conducted in
- Need a sufficient understanding of the theory behind the method
- Understand the theoretical parameters under which the process is effective or not
Parameters
- Specific contexts or situations whether individual or outside to the person
- The actual situations the person is it
- Are they ready for change? (Can’t start without belief)
Health Belief Model
-Not good for actual behaviour change, good for getting an idea about beliefs about a disease
Protection Motivation Theory
-Developed to assess the impact of fear appeals
