intracranial tumors

Question 1

most common glioma

Answer 1

glioblastoma

Question 2

most common in pediatric population

Answer 2

medulloblastoma

Question 3

extra-axial

Answer 3

outside of the brain

Question 4

intra-axial

Answer 4

in the brain substance

Question 5

neuro-epithelial tumors (3)

Answer 5

1. glioma
2. ependymoma
3. neuronal tumor

Question 6

ependyome tend to occur

Answer 6

between the ventricles

Question 7

Grade 1

example

Answer 7

low grade; circumscribed

• pilocytic astrocytoma: occurs in children

Question 8

Grade 2

Answer 8

diffusely infiltrating

Question 9

Grade 3

Answer 9

anaplastic; mitotic figures

Question 10

Glioblastoma 4

Answer 10

endothelial proliferation and/or necrosis

Question 11

Gliomas (2)

Answer 11

1. Astrocytoma

2. oligodendroglioma

Question 12

Case 1:

• lost while driving home
• not shaving left side of face
• not dressing on left

Answer 12

left homonophesis hemipolgia

• non-dominant parietal syndrome; hemi-neglect

Question 13

pilocytic

Answer 13

wavy cells

Question 14

pilocytic astrocytoma

Answer 14

• benign, slow growing tumor pediatric
• in cerebellum
• cerebellar signs; headaches
• might block CSF; secondary hydrocephalus leading to an icnrease in pressure and induce vomiting
  tx. : surgical excision

Question 15

• horse hair
• biphasic pattern
• rosenthal fibers: intracytoplasmic pink stuff

Answer 15

Pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 16

Low grade astrocytoma; diffuse

Answer 16

• malignant tumor
• diffuse infiltrating mass–> they do not look different from normal brain
• on MRI in T1 they look hypodense and look white in T2

Question 17

• hypercellular
• irregular nuclei, hyperchromatic, atypia;
• mitosis absent or rare

Answer 17

low grade astrocytoma

Question 18

Anaplastic astrocytoma

Answer 18

• malignnt tumor
• looks swollen on MRI

prognosis is poor; more about quality

Question 19

Glioblastoma multiforme

Answer 19

• high grade
• necrotic
• worst kind is that that affects the corpus collosum
• looks like a butterfly on MRI

Question 20

• a lot of cells

nuclei look different

red patches

Answer 20

anaplastic astrocytoma

Question 21

• areas of death: densely cellular with nuclear atypia
• palisading necrosis

hemorrhagic change

Answer 21

Glioblastoma

Question 22

oligodendroglioma

Answer 22

• seizures

- curable if they can be resected completely

Question 23

• perinuclear clearing “fried eggs”
• calcification (dark purple areaa)

vascular satellitosis

Answer 23

oligodendroglioma

Question 24

• hoarsness and trouble swallowing
• headaches
• progressed projectile vomiting
• several month history of spontnaeous worse in the morning

Answer 24

tumor in the brainstem

• ependymoma

Question 25

ependymoma

Answer 25

- low grade - occur in ventricular system and spinal cord -

Question 26

Myxopapillary subtype

Answer 26

occurs in the conus medullaris-filum region associated with ependymoma

Question 27

- moderately cellular, ovioid monomorphic nuclei - ependymal rosettes - perivascular pseudorosette

Answer 27

ependymoma

Question 28

Neuronal tumor

Answer 28

- rare -low grade - occur in temporal lobe - associated with those with chronic seizure disorder -

Question 29

extra-axial tumors

Answer 29

1. meningioma (in the dura)

Question 30

case 3: - food taste bland - headache - papilledema

Answer 30

front lobe - clinoidal meningioma

Question 31

meningioma

Answer 31

- slow growing benign dural based tumor - arise from arachinoidal cap cells - more common in female - tx. surgery and then radiation

Question 32

- Dural tail - whorls - somoma bodies

Answer 32

meningioma

Question 33

Hemangioblastoma

Answer 33

- highly vascular - benign - occurs sporadically or past of the VHL - most common primary cerebellar tumor in the adult - chromosome 3

Question 34

VHL

Answer 34

HGB of cerebellum, retina, brainstem, spinal cord

Question 35

sellar tumors

Answer 35

- pituitary adenoma - 2 subtypes: functionl and non-functional - slow growing - endocrinological dysfunction - visual loss

Question 36

Most common functional sellar tumors

Answer 36

- prolactin - growth hormone- acromegaly - Cortisol- cushing's disease

Question 37

Moon face

Answer 37

adrenal gland functional sellar tumor

Question 38

cranial nerve tumors

Answer 38

- benign tumor of schawnn cells - most common CN8 - slow growing - balance issues, tinnitus - might affect CN 7 but it has to be a big tumor - Bilateral? NF-2 - chromosome 22

Question 39

- verocay bodies - antoni A: dense : school of fish" - antoni B: loose and fatty looking

Answer 39

Swanomma