Spinal cord

Question 1

elaborated by the choroid plexus in the ventricles

Answer 1

CSF

Question 2

At birth the spinal cord ends between

Answer 2

L2/L3

Question 3

in adults the spinal cord ends between

Answer 3

L1/L2

Question 4

cervical enlargement

Answer 4

C5-T1

Question 5

Lumbar enlargement

Answer 5

L3-S2

Question 6

how is the spinal cord segment defined?

Answer 6

by a pair of spinal nerves

Question 7

Dorsal root is

Answer 7

sensory

Question 8

Ventral root is

Answer 8

motor

Question 9

muscle innervated by a single nerve root constitute a

Answer 9

myotome

Question 10

Stretch Reflex:
Striking the patellar tendon activates ________________, which then monosynaptically excite ______________ that innervate the stretched muscle.

Answer 10

Stretch Reflex:
Striking the patellar tendon activates muscle spindle primary endings, which then monosynaptically excite alpha motor neurons that innervate the stretched muscle.

Question 11

Reciprocal Inhibition:
Striking the patellar tendon initiates a stretch reflex (excitation of the quadriceps) and it also causes _______ of the motor neurons to the antagonist hamstring muscles.

Answer 11

Reciprocal Inhibition:
Striking the patellar tendon initiates a stretch reflex (excitation of the quadriceps) and it also causes inhibition of the motor neurons to the antagonist hamstring muscles.

Question 12

gray matter is divided into

Answer 12

dorsal and ventral horns

Question 13

white matter iis divided into

Answer 13

funiculi… bundle of nerve fibers

Question 14

Phrenic nucleus found in

Answer 14

C3-C5

Question 15

Substantia gelationiosa

found in

Answer 15

All

Question 16

Body of posterior horn found in

Answer 16

All

Question 17

Clarke’s nucleus found in

Answer 17

T1-L2

Question 18

Intermediolateral column found in

Answer 18

T1-L3

Question 19

Parasympathetic nucleus found in

Answer 19

S2-S4

Question 20

Accessory nucleus found in

Answer 20

medulla- C5

Question 21

Substantia gelatinosa function

Answer 21

modulate transmission of pain and temperature information sensory processing

Question 22

Body of posterior horn function

Answer 22

sensory processing

Question 23

Clarke’s nucleus function

Answer 23

posterior spinocerebellar cells

Question 24

longitudinal organization

which side of the body to which cortex?

Answer 24

long tracts bringing information to and from cortex

left cortex to right side of body

Question 25

somatotopic organization

Answer 25

arranged systematically according to parts of the body surface

Question 26

Dorsal root ganglion neuron

Answer 26

1st order neuron

Question 27

Brainstem or spinal cord neuron

Answer 27

2nd order neuron

Question 28

Thalamus neuron

Answer 28

3rd order neuron

Question 29

Dorsal column pathway modalities (3)

Answer 29

1. position sense 2. vibration sense 3. 2- point discriminatory touch

Question 30

Cuneate Fasciculus goes from

Answer 30

T5 and above

Question 31

Gracile Fasciculus is from

Answer 31

T6 and below

Question 32

Spinothalamic pathway modalities

Answer 32

localization of pain and temperature

Question 33

True or False: long tract lesions cause deficits at the level of the lesion and below

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Suspended sensory loss lesions

Answer 34

do not involve the long tracts and therefore they reveal a band-like distribution of deficit

Question 35

the spinothalamic tract goes through which other tract

Answer 35

Lissauer's tract

Question 36

origin of the spinothalamic tract from the ________, from neurons in _______ ______ and deeper neurons

Answer 36

Dorsal horn and Substantia Gelatinosa

Question 37

pain seeming to originate from a specific area of the body surfaces as a result of a damaged internal organ

Answer 37

referred pain

Question 38

corticospinal pathway is for (1) and it is defined into (2)

Answer 38

(1) voluntary fine movement of distal extremities | (2) upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron

Question 39

Cell body in cortex (axon traverses brainstem and SC)

Answer 39

upper motor neuron

Question 40

cell body in ventral horn of the spinal cord (axon heads to striated muscle)

Answer 40

lower motor neuron

Question 41

Clonus

Answer 41

upper motor neuron lesion

Question 42

Spastic paralysis

Answer 42

upper motor neuron lesion

Question 43

hyperreflexia

Answer 43

upper motor neuron lesion

Question 44

clasp knife reflex

Answer 44

upper motor neuron lesion

Question 45

babinski sign reflex

Answer 45

upper motor neuron lesion

Question 46

Flaccid paralysis

Answer 46

lower motor neuron lesion

Question 47

atrophy

Answer 47

lower motor neuron lesion

Question 48

fasciculation (anterior horn cell involvment)

Answer 48

lower motor neuron lesion

Question 49

diminished reflexes

Answer 49

lower motor neuron lesion