Introduction

Question 1

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 1

Eukaryotes, Archaea, Bacteria

Question 2

What domains of life of are prokaryotes?

Answer 2

Archaea, and Bacteria

Question 3

What differs prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 3

1. Size, Eukaryotes way bigger.
2. Prokaryotes are single cellular, while eukaryotes are multicellular.
3. Prokaryotes are hardly compartmentalized, eukaryotes always are. (Bonus: They are compartmentalized into organelles.)

Question 4

What do the Nucleus, Chloroplast, Mitochondrion, and Lysosome have in common?

Answer 4

They are all organelles.

Question 5

What is an organelle?

Answer 5

An individual membrane enclosed compartment with separate environments inside versus outside.

Question 6

What are the compartments of the Nucleus, and what does it do?

Answer 6

Compartments: Nuclear Envelope, Chromatin, Nucleolus
Do: Contains chromosomal DNA

Question 7

What does the Mitochondrion do?

Answer 7

Where many of the processes of metabolism occur. (Energy Generation!)

Question 8

What does chloroplast do?

Answer 8

Carry’s out photosynthesis.

Question 9

What does lysosome do?

Answer 9

Protein degradation.

Question 10

What is beneficial about organelles?

Answer 10

Allows for a different environment from cytoplasm:
1. Protien Content
2. DNA & RNA Content
3. Cofactors
4. pH

Question 11

What do Microneme and Rhoptry have in common?

Answer 11

Both organelles, and apart of the malaria parasite (unicellular eukaryote).
Both essential for host cell invasion.

Question 12

What does Microneme do?

Answer 12

Provides proteins for red blood cell entry.

Question 13

What does Rhoptry do?

Answer 13

Provides proteins for red blood cell entry?

Question 14

What are the advantages to compartmentalization?

Answer 14

1. Protects the rest of the cell from harmful events inside an organelle. (Ex. Degrading enzymes in lysosome’s, Hemoglobin degradation in food vacuole in malaria parasite)
2. Create specialized membrane, bound machinery inside cells. (Ex. Photosynthesis in chloroplast, Energy generation in mitochondria)

Question 15

What are the 3 types of molecules the vast majority of cells contain? Hint: biopolymers

Answer 15

Protien: Amino Acids (Ex. Tyrosine)
Nucleic Acid: nucleotides (Ex. ATGC, U)
Polysaccharides: Sugars (Ex. Glucose, Mannose, etc)

Question 16

Define biopolymer.

Answer 16

Polymers: Constructed as chains of these BIOlogical material like building blocks.