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MLS 415 Urinalysis & B.F. > Introduction to Body Fluids > Flashcards

Introduction to Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

How would we define a sample as being clear?

A

Print is clearly visible through sample.

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2
Q

How would we define a sample as being slightly cloudy?

A

Print is obscured but still visible.

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3
Q

How would we define a sample as being cloudy?

A

Print is not visible, no particulate matter.

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4
Q

How would we define a sample as being turbid?

A

Print is not visible, particulate matter present.

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5
Q

What does it mean for a sample to have low viscosity?

A

The sample expels in free falling drops, as water would.

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6
Q

What does it mean for a sample to have a high viscosity?

A

The sample does NOT expel in free falling drops, but rather forms a continuous ‘string’ as it is expelled, much like an egg would.

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7
Q

What is an advantage of using automated cell counts?

A

Lots faster than trying to count manually.

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8
Q

What are disadvantages of using automated cell counts?

A

(1) Linearity issues

(2) Large cells/debris can cause interference

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9
Q

What would you use to prepare a manual cell count?

A

Hemacytometer

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10
Q

What type of diluent would be needed to dilute a sample?

A

Commercial isotonic diluents, isotonic saline (0.85%). Also depends on the fluid type.

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11
Q

How many chambers does a hemacytometer have for manual cell counts?

A

Two

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12
Q

When running a manual cell count on a hemacytometer, each side must agree at what percent to continue?

A

20%

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13
Q

What magnification would you use to find the grid on a hemacytometer?

A

10X

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14
Q

At what position should the condenser be in when performing a manual microscopic?

A

Down

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15
Q

What magnification would you use to identify cells on a hemacytometer?

A

40X

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16
Q

How is the grid on a hemacytometer set up?

A
  • 4 larger grids to count WBC’s

- 25 smaller grids to count RBS’s

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17
Q

What is the common appearance of RBC’s?

A
  • Round or crenated (echinocytes)
  • Smooth, donut-like (no nucleus)
  • Golden color, shiny
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18
Q

What is the common appearance of WBC’s?

A
  • Round or “bumpy” border

- Nucleus; textured insides

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19
Q

How would you count a cell if it sits on the border of the grid within a hemacytometer?

A

Count any two sides (i.e. left a top border - count; right and bottom border - do not count).

20
Q

(T/F) You should always perform manual cell counts in duplicate.

A

True

21
Q

What should you do if your count doesn’t match within 20%?

A

Repeat count

22
Q

Determine if the count should be repeated.

Side 1: 33 cells
Side 2: 27 cells

A

-20% of 37 = 7 cells (37=Avg of both sides)
-(33-27) = 6
Count is acceptable

23
Q

Determine if the count should be repeated.

Side 1: 27 cells
Side 2: 42 cells

A

-20% of 42 = 8 cells (42=Avg of both sides)
-(42-27) = 15
Unacceptable, repeat count.

24
Q

What is the equation to determine the number of cells per microliter?

A
  • # of cells or squares counted can be averaged or totaled
  • Dilution factor = reciprocal of dilution; “1” if undiluted
  • Depth = 0.1 mm (for hemacytometer)
  • Area of square –> depends on the type of square; Large = 1mm^2; Small = 0.04 mm^2
25
Q

What is the procedure for using a cytocentrifuged sample?

A
  • Spin for ~5 minutes
  • Remove slides
  • Let dry completely
  • Stain as needed
26
Q

(T/F) What you see on the cytospin slide should correlate with the cell counts, color, and clarity

A

True

27
Q

Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:

A

Accentuation of lobulation

28
Q

Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:

A

Peripheral localization of lobes

29
Q

Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:

A

Vacuoles/enhanced parachromatin

30
Q

Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:

A

Central concentration of granules

31
Q

Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:

A

Accentuation of vacuoles

32
Q

Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:

A

Peripheral localization of cytoplasm

33
Q

Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:

A

Irregular blebs and projections

34
Q

Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:

A

Irregular blebs and projections

35
Q

What is the primary purpose of 10X magnification of manual WBC differentials?

A
  • Scan for clumps/large cells

- If clumps are seen, check for malignant characteristics

36
Q

Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.

A

Mature Neutrophils

37
Q

Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.

A

Mature Neutrophils

38
Q

Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.

A

Normal Mature Lymphocyte

39
Q

Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.

A

Normal Mature Lymphocyte

40
Q

Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.

A

Monocyte

41
Q

Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.

A

Macrophage

42
Q

Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.

A

Eosinophils

43
Q

Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.

A

Eosinophils

44
Q

Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.

A

Basophils

45
Q

Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.

A

Basophils

46
Q

Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.

A

Malignant Cells

47
Q

Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.

A

Malignant Cells

MLS 415 Urinalysis & B.F. (37 decks)

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