Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MLS 415 Urinalysis & B.F. > Unit 3 Lecture > Flashcards

Unit 3 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of urine color being yellow?

A

Normal urine; due to the normal pigment, urochrome (as well as uroerythrin (pink) and urobilin (orange))as a product of endogenous metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do abnormally colored urines cause such a problem with chemical examination?

A

They can cause interferences with chemical examination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some factors that can effect that color of the urine?

A
  • The amount of a substance present
  • The pH of the urine
  • Structures of the substances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Constituents of dark yellow or amber urine.

A

Concentrated urine or increase in bilirubin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Clinical significance to dark yellow or amber urine.

A

Dehydration/fever/yellow foam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Constituents of orange urine

A

Food or drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clinical significance of orange urine

A

carrots, pyridium/warfarin/rifampin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Constituents of pink urine

A

Blood or interited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clinical significance of pink urine

A

UTI’s/mentration

Porphyria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Constituents of red urine

A

Blood, food, drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clinical significance of red urine

A

RBC’s/Hemoglobin
Beets
Laxatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Constituents of Purple to red urine

A

Interited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical significance of purple to red urine

A

Porphyrins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Constituents of Brown urine

A

Blood

Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clinical significance of brown urine

A

Myoglobin/methemoglobin

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Constituents of Dark brown/black urine

A

Inherited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical significance of dark brown/black urine

A

Melanin/Homogentisic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Constituents of blue/green urine

A

Infections, dyes, drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Clinical significance of blue/green urine

A

UTI(Pseudomonas), Chlorophyll, Medications (Amitriptyline, Indomethacin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The concentration of a normal urine specimen can be estimated by which of the following?

(a) Color
(b) Clarity
(c) Foam
(d) Odor

A

(a) Color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The normal yellow color of urine is produced by which of the following?

(a) Bilirubin
(b) Hemoglobin
(c) Urobilin
(d) Urochrome

A

(d) Urochrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Clarity

A

Describes the overall visual appearance of a urine specimen.

23
Q

What are some pathologic examples that would cause a reduction in urine clarity?

A 
RBCs
WBCs
Bacteria (fresh urine)
Yeast
Trichomonads
Renal Epithelial cells
Fat (lipids, chyle)
Abnormal crystals
Semen
Feces
Calculi
Pus
24
Q

What are some non-pathhologic examples that would cause a reduction in urine clarity?

A 
Normal solute crystals (e.g. urates, phosphates, calcium oxalate)
Squamous epithelial cells
Mucus
Semen
Contaminants: powders, lotions, etc.
25
Q

Freshly voided urine is usually clear; however, if it is an alkaline urine, a white turbidity may be present due to:

(a) Amorphous phosphates
(b) Porphyrins
(c) Red blood cells
(d) Lipids

A

(a) Amorphous phosphates

26
Q

All of the following are considered pathogenic causes of turbidity EXCEPT?

(a) Squamous epithelial cells
(b) Renal tubular epithelial cells
(c) White blood cels
(d) Bacteria (fresh urine)

A

(a) Squamous epithelial cells

27
Q

Specific gravity

A

An expression of urine concentration in terms of density (mass of solutes present per volume of solution). It is a ratio of urine density to the density of an equal volume of pure water under specific conditions.

28
Q

How will a light urine effect specific gravity?

A

Low specific gravity

29
Q

How will a dark urine effect specific gravity?

A

High specific gravity

30
Q

Specific gravity of water

A

1.000

31
Q

Urine specific gravity reference range

A

1.003 to 1.035

32
Q

What two primary factors influence specific gravity?

A

Number of solutes, and molecular size (weight) of solutes.

33
Q

Refractometry

A

An indirect measure of specific gravity, is based in the refractive index of light.

34
Q

Refractive index

A

Velocity of light in air compared to the velocity of light in solution.

Light refracted on the prism is refracted at an angle that correlates with the number of particles in the solution (concentration). Angle is proportional to velocity.

35
Q

Ionic specific gravity

A

An indirect colorimetric estimation of urine density based on the quantity of ionic or charged solutes (Na+, etc) present. Note that nonionic solutes are note measured.

36
Q

Osmolality

A

The concentration of a solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute particles per kilogram of water.

37
Q

Osmole

A

The amount of a substance that dissolves to produce 1 mole of particles in a solution.

38
Q

Reference interval for osmolality

A

Plasma: 275-300 mOsmol/kg
Urine: 275-900 mOsmol/kg

39
Q

Freezing Point Osmometer

A
  • 1 Osmole decreases the freezing point by 1.86C.

- The higher the number of solutes present the lower the temperature

40
Q

Vapor Pressure Osometer

A

Indirectly measures the decrease in vapor pressure caused by solutes in a sample.

41
Q

True or False: Specific gravity provides more diagnostic value than osmolality in evaluating the renal concentration ability.

A

False

42
Q

Which of the following specific gravity results would correlate with a dark yellow urine?

(a) 1.005
(b) 1.010
(c) 1.020
(d) 1.030

A

(d) 1.030

43
Q

What are some urine odors that are apart of the non-disease process?

A

Old specimens: Ammonia
Ingestion of some foods: Asparagus, onions, garlic, coffee
Contamination: bleach

44
Q

What are some urine odors that are apart of the disease?

A

Bacteria infection: Ammonia

Ketones: Diabetes/starvation

Amino Acid Disorders: Phenylketonuria-Mousy; Maple Syrup disease - Maple Syrup; Tyrosinemia - Rancid

45
Q

Polyuria

A

Over 1800 mL/day

46
Q

Diuresis

A

Increased volume

47
Q

Olguria

A

Less than 400 mL/day

48
Q

Anuria

A

No urine production

49
Q

Nocturia

A

Over 500 mL at night.

50
Q

White foam present

A

Protein

51
Q

Yellow foam present

A

Bilirubin

52
Q

Which of the following will not influence the volume of urine produced?

(a) Diarrhea
(b) Exercise
(c) Caffeine ingestion
(d) Carbohydrate ingestion

A

(d) Carbohydrate ingestion

53
Q

A yellow/brown specimen produces a yellow foam when shaken, which of the following can be suspected as being present in the urine?

(a) Lemonade
(b) Rhubarb
(c) Bilirubin
(d) Urochrome

A

(c) Bilirubin

MLS 415 Urinalysis & B.F. (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions