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Principles of Disease > Introduction to Medical Microbiology > Flashcards

Introduction to Medical Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 possible infecting agents?

A 
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
Prions
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2
Q

What is the specimen collection for a urinary tract infection?

A

Mid stream urine

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3
Q

What is the specimen collection for a chest infection?

A

sputum

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4
Q

What is the specimen collection for tonsillitis/pharyngitis

A

Throat swab

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5
Q

What is the specimen collection for the site of infection or a wound?

A

Swab or pus

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6
Q

What is the specimen collection for diarrhoea?

A

Faeces

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7
Q

What is the specimen collection for bacteraemia?

A

Blood culture

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8
Q

What is the specimen collection for meningitis?

A

CBS

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9
Q

What does unstained microscopy allow you to see?

A 
Pus cells (urine, CSF)
Parasites (faeces)
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10
Q

What does a gram stain allow you to see in microscopy?

A

Bacteria yeast and fungi

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11
Q

What does a ZN stain or an auramine stain allow you to see?

A

Mycobacteria (a bacterium of a group which includes the causative agents of leprosy and tuberculosis)

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12
Q

What infecting agent is not visible in light microscope?

A

Viruses

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13
Q

What is the difference in the function between gram stain microscopy and culture?

A

Microscopy is rapid, insensitive, can’t identify a particular species

Culture is slower, more sensitive and the conditions are suitable for the expected species

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14
Q

How is the species identified?

A

Observable characters - Morphological, physiological, biochemicla

DNA tests

Typing - determines the strain within the species

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15
Q

What are the sterile sites within the body?

A

Blood, CSF, Lung, Bladder

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16
Q

What are the non-sterile sites in the body?

A

Skin, Nasopharynx, Urethra, Gut

17
Q

How are viral infections diagnosed?

A

Electron miscroscopy,
Cell or tissue culture
Antigen detection
Detection of cytopathic effect (structural changes in host cells that are caused by viral invasion)
Molecular methods including real time PCR
Serological to determine immunity (serology is the investigation of blood serum with regard to the response to an introduced pathogen or introduced substance.

18
Q

§- What are the three different types of parasites?

A

Protozoa - malaria
Helminths (worms)
Arthropods - lice

19
Q

§ - How can parasites be diagnosed?

A

Microscopy of different stages - parasites, cysts and ova
- blood films for malaria
Culture rarely possible
Sometimes serology is useful

20
Q

Give some examples of healthcare acquired infection

A

Meticillin resistant Staph Aureus - MRSA
Clostridium difficile
Noroviruses
ESBL’s - Organisms with extended spectrum beta lactamases

Principles of Disease (48 decks)

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