IVB2 - Myelogram Interp Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the appearance of a normal myelogram study?
How does the appearance differ slightly between small and large pets (cats and dogs)?
Sharply marginated, thin column of contrast enhancement within the subarachnoid space
Small dogs and cats have a larger spinal cord relative to their size so their contrast column tends to be inherently thin
On a normal myelogram, where is the contrast column widest ventrally, and where is it widest dorsally?
Tends to be widest in the ventral column in the caudal cervical spine
Is widest in the dorsal column int he region of C1 and C2
Small filling defects just dorsal to the disk spaces on a myelogram can be normal and are caused by what?
How can you distinguish normal filling defect from a pathologic change?
Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum or annulus fibrosus
If they are clinically significant, then there should be loss of the contralateral side of the contrast column as well
What are the three main myelographic pattern?
What is a less commonly considered fourth pattern?
1) Extradural
2) Intradural extramedullary
3) Intramedullary (swelling)
4) Intramedullary (opacification)
What is the appearance of air bubbles on a myelogram?
Circular or oval filling defects whose position moves on subsequent radiographs
What is the appearance of subdural leakages on a myelogram?
Beneath the dura but above the arachnoid
Irregular margination and poor filling of the contrast media
“drape sign”
Most common in the cervical spine
What is the appearance of epidural leakages on a myelogram?
Unwanted opacities that obscure the subarachnoid contrast media column
Most common in lumbar injections
What can cause there to be contrast media within the central canal during a myelogram?
If the needle shaft is placed within the central canal or if the contrast media enters the canal where it communicates with the conus
The central canal may also become opacified with severe trauma or neoplasia of the parenchyma
The following diagram depicts what myelographic pattern?
What are some conditions that may present this way?
Normal myelogram
FCE
Myelitis
Degenerative myelopathy
The following diagram depicts what myelographic pattern?
What are some conditions that may present this way?
Extradural lesion
Disk herniation
Cervical spindylomyelopathy
Vertebral tumor
The following diagram depicts what myelographic pattern?
What are some conditions that may present this way?
Intradural-extramedullary lesion
Meningioma
Other tumors (nephroblastoma)
Subarachnoid diverticula
The following diagram depicts what myelographic pattern?
What are some conditions that may present this way?
Intramedullary
Intramedullary neoplasia (glioma, ependymoma)
Edema/ Swelling
Myelitis
When might an intramedullary appearance be seen in a patient with an intervertebral disk herniation?
In type 1 extrusions where there is extensive cord swelling or if there is an intramedullary component to the disk
The following myelogram image is consistent with what myelopgraphic pattern?
What is the diagnosis?
Extradural lesion
IVDD
The following myelogram image is consistent with what myelopgraphic pattern?
What is the diagnosis?
Extradural lesion
Caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy
The following myelogram image is consistent with what myelopgraphic pattern?
What is the diagnosis?
Intramedullary lesion
FCE or myelitis
The following myelogram image is consistent with what myelopgraphic pattern?
What is the diagnosis?
Intramedullary lesion
Glioma
The following myelogram image is consistent with what myelopgraphic pattern?
What is the diagnosis?
Intradural extramedullary
Meningioma
The following myelogram image is consistent with what myelopgraphic pattern?
What is the diagnosis?
Intramedullary leakage/ staining of CSF
Myelomalacia
