Joint disease Flashcards
(41 cards)
Two categories of joint disease
Mechanical
Affecting articular cartilage
Mechanical category of joint disease
Hip dysplasia
Elbow dysplasia
Patellar luxation
Cranial cruciate ligament rupture
joint disease Affecting articular cartilage
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
Degenerative joint disease (DJD)
AKA Osteoarthritis
Hip dysplasia is
Congenital malformation of hip (coxofemoral) joint
Large dog disease
Stress on the joints
Wear and tear→ osteoarthritis
Lack of stability → mobility issues, pain, lame
Subluxation to luxation
All of the above present as LAME and PAIN
hip dysplasia in young vs old animals
Young dogs
- More severe
- Pain, luxation
Old dogs
- Less severe
- Pain due to arthritis
Cause of hip dysplasia
Polygenic inherited condition
Environmental risk factors
Too rapid weight gain during growth
High BCS
Prior injury
OCD
Medical management to minimize onset of DJD
Controlled low-impact exercise
Weight control
Joint supplements
Pain management for hip dysplasia
Rest
NSAIDs
Joint supplements and therapeutic diets
Physical therapy
Low impact exercises
Weight control
Surgery
Surgical options for juvenile patients with hip dysplasia
Triple pelvic ostomy
Juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS)
Surgical treatment for mature patients with hip dysplasia
Total hip replacement
Femoral head ostectomy (FHO)
prevention of hip dysplasia
Prevent occurrence
SELECTIVE BREEDING!!!
Appropriate diet selection
Avoid severe, intensive exercise, especially in large breed puppies
Prevent clinical onset
Weight control
Elbow dysplasia is caused by what joint abnormalities
Congenital- inherited condition
Caused by up to 3 different joint abnormalities
Fragmented medial coronoid process
Ununited anconeal process
Osteochondritis dissecans
Distal aspect of the humerus
Usually the medial condyle
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Clinical onset and presentation of elbow dysplasia
Age of onset of c/s depends on severity
Mild changes usually present in older animals
Arthritis
Treatment and prevention as per arthritis
Severe changes present in young animals
Mechanical issues cause pain and lameness
Surgery is an option
Causes of elbow dysplasia
Genetics
Environmental factors
Growing too fast during development
Obesity
Prior injury
The presence of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
Treatment of elbow dysplasia
Surgical treatment
Repair abnormal anatomy
Clean up joint, remove cartilage fragments if OCD
Medical management
Rest
NSAIDs
Joint supplements
Physical therapy
Controlled low impact exercise
Weight control
Prevention of elbow dysplasia
Selective breeding
Elbow certification of breeding animals through the OFA
Nutritionally balanced diet during growth
Prevent traumatic injury to joints
Weight control ← changes clinical presentation
Patella luxation is and common in
Slipping kneecaps
Toy, miniature and small breeds
Occasionally seen in cats as well
Patella luxation Disease progression and complications
Congenital
Chronic
Progressive
Starts with slipping patella
May alter movements (i.e. skipping)
Will eventually lead to arthritis
Increased risk of cruciate ligament rupture
Cranial cruciate ligament injury is
(very common, very important)
Cannot seen in radiographs so must diagnose through physical touch
Do a cranial drawer sign and tibial thrust
Should be no wiggling
Causes of cranial cruciate ligament injury
Usually a combination of
Degenerative disease and/or
Trauma
Can be made worse with a heavy BCS
Presentation of CCL injury
Waxing and waning lameness to non-weight bearing
Not an emergency; BUT….
Diagnostics for CCL
Exam with or without sedation
Radiographs
Treatment of CCL
Medical management
Small dogs
Rest + NSAIDs+ PT/rehab
Longer recovery
Risk rupture other limb
Will develop arthritis
Surgery
Small and large dogs
Faster recovery (may decrease the risk of rupturing the other CCL)
Can get a brace
Goal is to decrease inflammation and get them back to using the leg
Surgical repair options for CCL
Lateral suture
TightRope@ procedure
Tibial Plateau levelling osteotomy
Tibial Tuberosity Advancement
