SA GI disease Flashcards

Question

Gastropexy is

Answer 1

Stomach is fixed in place to abdominal wall Reduced risk of volvulus Preventative At time of spay/neuter

Answer 2

Common in dogs and cats History of getting into “stuff” Younger animals

Answer 3

Shape of the object What it is made of Where it is stuck time/duration it has been stuck

Answer 4

Best surgical prognosis Gastrotomy May digest with time, endoscopic retrieval, vomit on own Common see intermittent vomiting

Answer 5

Sharp Toxic Blocks pyloric sphincter or moves out of the stomach and causes an obstruction in the SI

Answer 6

Intraluminal = something stuck inside Concerns Intraluminal FB can push against the intestinal wall and block off blood flow Trauma injury/perforation if sharp Surgical outcome is good if there is no perforation or necrosis

Answer 7

If healthy…enterotomy If damaged….. Intestinal resection and anastomosis reduction= cut out anastomosis= reconnect

Answer 8

Common in cats with string Pulled the SI taunt

Answer 9

If it has made it this far, the animal will likely be able to pass it on its own If obstructed, guarded to poor prognosis Because poor blood supply to colon Poor healing Rapid necrosis

Answer 10

Prognosis declines significantly once clinical signs appear Usually a sign that gut is compromised Necrotic tissue release toxins Bacteremia Septic shock For better prognosis Treat cats within 36 hours of cs Treat dogs within 72 hours of cs

Answer 11

History and PE Imaging Radiographs +/- contrast medium Ultrasound

Answer 12

Severe dehydration Acute abdomen (Fast and really painful abdomen) Fever Lethargy Severe frequent vomit Blood in vomit or blood in diarrhea Pale or injected MM Low temp

Answer 13

NEVER induce vomiting with a foreign body Complications? Trauma due to increased peristalsis Perforated with liner FB Esophagitis

Answer 14

Attaching two sections of intestine

Answer 15

Colour and consistency Volume When did it start Frequency Straining Can they hold it or is it explosive Other GI signs, energy level Dietary indiscretion, food change Hx of vaccines and deworming

Answer 16

Acute diarrhea Dietary indiscretion Drug reactions Parasitic infection Viral infection Inflammatory bowel disease, food intolerance, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, neoplasia, Addisions disease Adverse drug reaction Antibiotics NSAIDs Steroids Chemical irritation

Answer 17

Clostridium perfringens spores in a fecal smear E.coli Salmonella

Answer 18

Parvovirus Coronavirus Distemper

Answer 19

Panleukopenia virus Coronavirus

Answer 20

Supportive care Fluids- maintain/correct hydration Bland diet Some vets fast 24 hours in CERTAIN CASES Slow re-introduction of bland diet Increasing amounts over 4-7 days Gradual reintroduction of regular diet Probiotics GI protectants and absorbents Treat primary condition Anti Parasiticides, stop drug, antibiotics (maybe)

Answer 21

Canine parvovirus infection All canids Summer Endemic in SK

Answer 22

Fecal-oral transmission Can have vertica route Stays in the environment; very hard to kill Non-enveloped virus heat/cold/dying resistant Resistant to many disinfectants Requires black or hydrogen peroxide based

Answer 23

Damages intestinal epithelial cells Malabsorptive diarrhea (nutrient and water loss) Hemorrhage Breakdown of intestinal barrier Bacteria enter blood stream Infects immune cells Immunosuppression Cant fight off bacteremia

Answer 24

signalment/history 8w-6mo Unvaccinated, vaccinated owner, has not completed puppy series Rescue, stray Black and tan breeds; german shepherd, rottweiler Complaint Diarrhea With or without blood Vomit With or without blood Maybe lethargy KEEP IN CAR UNTIL VET SAYS OTHERWISE!

Answer 25

Day 0- fecal oral transmission Day 0-7 -incubation period (no clinical signs; can shed) Day 4-10 - prodromal period (lethargy, fever, anorexia) Day 7-14- clinical signs Vomit diarrhea +/- presence of blood Lethargic, fever, dehydration Outcome depends on if treated or not If animal recovers- will shed virus for about 14 days after all clinical signs resolve

Answer 26

Puppies Highly fatal Adults and fully vaccinated puppies Mild diarrhoea Depends on Age Vaccine status Degree of dehydration Clinical severity And if treated or not

Answer 27

Idexx Parvo SNAP test Test is on feces Test in car Will have two blue dots when positive A positive control blue dot in the top middle A darker blue dot in the middle left Can get a faint positive if recently vaccinated

Answer 28

Highly transmissible Can be deadly to any other puppies in the clinic Very hard to get rid of Can't fight anything else off

Answer 29

Isolation IV fluids Antibiotics Antiemetics Introduce a bland, easily digestible diet as soon as possible Additional supportive care as required

Answer 30

Vaccinate! Colostrum Deworming Decrease transmission Isolate recovered dogs for 2 weeks Restrict movement of unvaccinated puppies

Answer 31

Dehydration (chronic renal disease) Genetic defect in intestinal smooth muscle Diet- sand, lack or fibre, bone, hair Nerve damage

Answer 32

Secondary to chronic constipation Due to a genetic smooth muscle defect

Answer 33

Optimal hydration Enemas Increase dietary fiber Laxatives Prescription medications to increase motility Cisapride

Answer 34

Inflammation of the peritoneum and the abdominal cavity Indicates an abdominal problem- many disease processes can cause peritonitis Need to monitor for peritonitis in patients that are recovering from abdominal surgery Prognosis is always poor

Answer 35

Lack of (or decreased) GI sounds Inflammatory fluid in abdomen Swollen abdomen Leaking/wet incision Fever or signs of shock

Answer 36

Wild type Mutated virus (feline infectious peritonitis virus)

Answer 37

Wild type virus High prevalence Subclinical to diarrhea Can recover with supportive care Easily spread by saliva, urine, feces, blood

Answer 38

Rare Mutated virus Spontaneous mutation AFTER infection Not transmissible Fatal without treatment

Answer 39

Fluid in thorax and/or abdomen Peritonitis

Answer 40

Neurological signs Disseminated abscesses

Answer 41

Historically- no treatment options, euthanasia recommended Things are changing February 2024 –GS-441524 becomes legally available in Canada with an Emergency Drug Release Efficacy of treatment is >80% 7-10 days to apply for EDR and acquire medication Treatment period of about 12 weeks Injectable and oral formulations available

Answer 42

Muscle wall defect Genetics Infection Tearing of umbilicus too close to the body wall Non reducible hernia (falciform fat hernia)

Answer 43

Age-related Natural wear and tear causes damage Related to detoxification function Always be aware of potential liver disease in seniors Decreased drug metabolism Higher anaesthetic risk

Answer 44

Obese cats Decreased ability to break down fat

Answer 45

The cat stops eating Fat metabolism begins Fat is brought to liver faster then liver can break it down Fat accumulates in hepatocytes Decreased hepatocyte function

Answer 46

Early stages may go unnoticed by owner, especially in a multi cat household Anorexia Vomiting Lethargy Weight loss Dehydration Jaundice Seizures

Answer 47

E-tube, G-tube Slow reintroduction of food Enough to prevent more fat metabolism Not enough that he fat in the liver us used up Watch out for REFEEDING SYNDROME Too much or too fast Hypophosphatemia Generalized muscle weakness (including heart) Often fatal

Answer 48

SEVERE! ACUTE! PAIN! Abdomen

Answer 49

Dogs: leakage of digestive enzymes→ pancreas begins to digest itself

Answer 50

Cats: there is often an infectious component

Answer 51

Vomiting and acute abdomen Keep cats eating, dogs can fast

Answer 52

History PE findings- painful abdomen Treatment Aggressive fluid therapy Analgesia Antiemetics Low fat diet (dogs)

SA GI disease Flashcards

(77 cards)