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1
Q

Ego-syntonic

A

Being in a state ocnistent with one’s self-concept. It is not distressing or threatening.
Athletes may value behaviours in relation to their disorder.

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2
Q

Ego-dystonic

A

Perceived as alien, or out of tline with one’s self-concept: extremely distressing and/or threatening

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3
Q

Help-seeking

A

Help-seeking is the process of receiving aid or interventions and assessment for problems that an athlete may be experiencing. Can involve a variety of barriers and facilitators

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4
Q

Help-seeking attitudes

A

Someone’s evaluation of behaviour and degree of openness towards the behaviour.

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5
Q

Help-seeking intentions

A

Conscious plan to exert effort to discuss a problem, emotional pain or psychological issue, where communication is an attempt to obtain perceived support, advice or assistance that will reduce personal distress

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6
Q

Help-seeking behaviour

A

Behaviour involves activley seeking help from other people and involves communication with other people to obtain help in terms of understanding, advice, informaiton, treatment, and general support in response to problem or distressing-experience

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7
Q

Motivational Interviewing

A

Evidensed based approach
Involves non-confrontational counselling approach
Key principles include expressing empathy, developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance and supporting self-efficacy, McDonald et al., 2012
Poses potential for those with anorexia that may be resistant to intervention

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8
Q

Perceived behavioural control

A

Key aspect of mental health literacy. MHL programmes should aim to address

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9
Q

MH promotion

A

Aims to encourage psychological wellbeing and strengthen abilities to adapt to adversity and build resilience and competence

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10
Q

MH prevention

A

Has multiple layers with the aim of stopping a mental illness or the progression of decreased mental health.

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11
Q

Primary universal prevention

A

Targeting the general public or whole population group

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12
Q

Primary selective prevention

A

Aimed at preventing development of mental illness targeting indivs or subgroups of the population whose risk of developing a mental disorder is significantly higher than that of the rest of the population

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13
Q

Primary indicated prevention

A

Targeting specific person at high-risk for mental disorders

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14
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Early detection and intervention in patients already meeting diagnostic criteria for a specific mental disorder. Aim to provide adequate treatment, improve satisfaction

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15
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

Treat those with established mental health disorders with the aim of reducing adverse effects of the mental health disorder

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16
Q

Person-environment fit

A

Degree to which individual and environmental characteristics match.

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17
Q

Sport psychiatry

A

Medical specialty that aims to treat and prevent mental disorders in athletes and helps them use differnt techniques to enhance their performance.

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18
Q

Cultural competence

A

Set of congruent behaviours, attitudes and policies that come together in a system, agency or among professional and enables that system, agency or professionals to work effectively cross-culturally

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19
Q

MH first aid

A

“Help provided to a person developing a mental health problem or experiencing a mental health crisis” (Hart et al., 2016)

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20
Q

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

A

Part of CBT
AIm to help people A: accept your reactions and be present, C: choose a valued direction, T: take action

Aims to help people become more psychologically flexible, learn to be present and accept experiences and decrease experiential avoidance

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21
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

An eating disorder involving self-starvation and excessive weight loss.

The diagnostic criteria:
- Restriction of food intake leads to weight loss or a failure to gain weight
- Involves a fear of becoming fat or gaining weight
- Often have distorted view of self and condition

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22
Q

Binge eating disorder

A

Recurrent binge eating without regular use of compensatory measures
Often involves shame and often alone behaviours
Diagnostic criteria:
Recurrent binge eating at frequency of at least average of once per week over past 3 months
can involve:
- eating much more quickly than usual
- eating until uncomfortably full
- eating a lot when not physically hungry
- Eating alone because of embarassment
- feeling very bad or guilty after eating

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23
Q

Body image dysmorphia

A

Involves having a distorted, usually negative view of self and body

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24
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Cycle of bingeing and compensatory behaviours to undo/ compensate for the effects of binge eating

Diagnostic criteria
- recurrent episodes of binge eating
- recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviour to prevent weight gain
- Binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviours both occur on average at least once a week for 3 months
- self evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
- Binge-purge cycle often linked to emotional factors

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25
CBT
Identify and challenge cognitive distortions (faulty thinking patterns) to reduce intensity of, and change, emotional responses and behaviours Exposure has been reported to be successful in reducing anxiety and promoting more adaptive behaviours in an elite female cross-country skier case study (Gustafsson et al., 2017) Implementation intentions have been associated with psychological wellbeing in athletes (smith et al., 2010) and suggested to be effective in promoting more adaptive emotion regulation strategies Lane et al., 2012)
26
Dialetical behaviour therapy (DBT)
Type of CBT designed to help manage intense emotions and improve their relationships A talking therapy which combines cognitive-behavioural techniques with concepts from mindfulness and acceptance Focus on 4 key areas: mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness.
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Eating disorders not otherwise specificed (EDNOS)
Rumination disorder Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) Orthorexia Nervosa Diabulimia OSFED Pica
28
Female athelte triad
Defined by the IOC as combination of disordered eating with impaired menstrual cycles linked to bone health. Since updated to energy deficiency.
29
Psychotherapy
(Talk therapy) Techniques that help people change behaviours, thoughts, and emotions that cause them problems, or distress.
30
RED-S
= Relative energy deficiency in sports Impaired physiological functioning caused by relative energy deficiency and includes but is not limited to impairments of: - metabolic rate - menstrual function - bone health - immunity - protein synthesis - cardiovascular health
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Relapse
Can mean loss of productivity and a drop in motivation or social interaction. May mean drastic drop in everyday functions, social withdrawal, experience delusions or halluciantions or become aggresive.
32
Ecological / bioecological theory
Explains that an individual's development is shaped by interconnected environmental systems, from immediate surroundings like family to broader societal structures like culture
33
PPCT model
Final version of Bronfenbrenner's model. Suggests that individual's mental health is due to a combination of factors including proximal processes, person factors, contex and time interacting together.
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Microsystem
Most proximal setting to an athlete. For example their sports team. Has particular physical characteristics in which a person is situated
35
Mesosystem
The relationships between 2 or more microsystems in which an individual actively participates otherwise known as a system of microsystems Activities occur across microsystems, e.g. parents talking to coach
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Exosystem
Factors that indirectly affect an athlete are created or added to each time a
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Macrosystem
Institutional systems that create a culture or subculture for example, UK economic system, education, legal or political Can alter how lower systems functions E.g. government policy for sport and funding
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Chronosystem
Focusses on how processes of development occur overtime and cant be seen through a singular pin point in time
39
Proximal processes
Centre of the bioecological theory and viewed as the driving force for human development Progressively more complex reciprocal interactions between an individual and persons, obkects and symbols within their microsystem The form, power, content and direction of proximal processes vary as a joint function of person factors and context in which the processes are occurring.
40
Person resource factors
Factors that influence a person's ability to engage in a scenario and effectively complete proximal processes. Can be positive towards development or limit and disrupt proximal processes Can include mental and emotional resources: such as past experiences, perceived social support, cognitive maturity, mental health literacy. Material resources such as housing, education.
41
Person demand factors
Easily noted characteristics of a person including, age, height, race, gender. May invite or discourage reactions from the social environment leading to the way in which proximal processes are established. E.g. being tall will lead to encouragement to participate in sports suhc as basketball and rowing.
42
Person force factors
Motivation-based factors such as motivation, persistence and temperament e.g. commitment fto training and fitness Tendency to act passively or aggressively
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Micro-time
What happens during specific episodes of ongoing proximal processes e.g. 1 practice of a new exercise
44
Meso-time
How often episodes of proximal processes occur e.g. how many training sessions a week / how many times perform a certain drill a week
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Macro-time
Could be college year or time leading up to a national championships
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Ontogenetic time
From birth to adulthood and is a natural age progression
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Historical time
A specific period of time that an individual is embedded in and shaped through. E.g. COVID pandemic and wars
48
Anticipated stigma
Involves expecting discrimination due to a stigmatised identity becoming known to others (O'Donnel and Foran, 2024)
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Co-morbidity
Other health conditions that can arise due to mental health conditions such as low body weight, obesity, RED-S
50
Experienced stigma
Stigma that individuals have gone through in the past in relation to a characteristics such as race or their mental health / experiences of being stigmatised by others
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Externalising disorder
A disoder that is exhibited with outward behaviours that reflect difficulties controlling emotions and impulses
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Lived experiences
Experiences around stigma and knowledge of mental health disorder through previous life experience
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Mental health literacy
Knowledge and beliefs of mental disorders which aid their recognition, management and prevention including knowing how to prevent mental disorder, recognising when a disorder is developing, knowing about help-seeking options and available treatments, knowing about self-help strategies, and mental health first aid skills to support other affected by MH problems (Jorm, 2012)
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Perceived stigma
Type of stigma due to perception of how stigmatised group is treated by others
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Performative mental health
Mental health in relation to athlete performances?
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Public / social stigma
Public endorses negative stereotypes and prejudices
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Self-stigma
A person internalises public stigma
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Stigma
Perceived negative attributes that causes someone to devalue or think less of the whole person
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Stigma-by-association
effects of stigma are extended to someone linked to a person with mental health difficulties e.g. their child or friend or parent
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Structural stigma
Institutional policies or other societal structures that reduce opportunities for people with mental illnesses
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Mental health
dynamic state of wellbeing that an athlete can experience that can be due to internal or external factors with or without the presence of mental illness
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Mental illness
A health conidtion involving changes in emotion, thinking or behaviour. Can be associated with distress and/or problems functioning in social, work or family activities
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Common mental disorders
Major depressive disorder, Bioalar disorder, Schizophrenia, Anxiety disorders, neurodivergent conditions like ADHD and ASD and EDs
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Well-being
Combination of emotional, psychological and social that can lead to positive mental health
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Hedonic well-being
(Emotional) Happiness, interest in life and satisfaction
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Eudaimonic well-being
(Psychological) Liking personality Managing responsibilities Good relationships Satisfaction with life
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Emotional well-being
(Emotional) Happiness, interest in life and satisfaction
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Psychological / mental well-being
(Psychological) Liking personality Managing responsibilities Good relationships Satisfaction with life
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Social well-being
eudaimonic positive funcitoning to social aspect contributing to society believing society has better place for people
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Languishing
State in which individuals have no positive emotions towards life, not functioning optimally socially or psychologically. Not fulfilling potential nor realising goals and aspirations. Dangerous state as unlikely to seek help.
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Flourishing
When someone displays high levels of positive functioning in most dimensions of emotional, psychological and social well-being.
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Holistic-ecological approach
Analyses the mental health of someone whilst taking into account all factors of themselves and their environment that may be impacting their mental health
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Person-centred approach
Involves the delivery of holistic or integrative care that responds to people's needs and values. Considers their own personal goals and values

sport and mental health (12 decks)

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