Self determination theory Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the differences between motivation quantity and quality
Self-determination focusses on quality of motivation over quantity.
Motivation quantity can mean lots of reasons to do sport or engage in an activity, such as good for health, fame, medal or wanting to learn new knowledge. Having no reason is associated with worse outcomes. However, form of motivation is more important. For example, intrinsic motivation increases likelihood of continuing
Why is quality of motivation a predictor of mental health?
Increased quality of motivation ie more autonomous motivation is associated with greater relatedness, competence and autonomy which associates with positive outcomes of affective, behavioural and cognitive well-being. In contrast, negative outcomes of ill-bigng are more likely when motivations controlled and less social factors and low motivation.
What is motivation regulation for sport as described in SDT
There is a continuum of motivation of self-determination and motivation can be either intrinsic, extrinsic or amotivation. This motivation varies in quality
High quality motivation comes from intrinsic motivation as the best. Higher quality extrinsic motivation included autonomous sources of extrinsic motivation like integrated regulation and identified regulation.
What are the types of motivation regulation and what are sport examples?
Amotivation: I don’t know why I play football
External motivation: I must do it because my parents were elite athletes and want me to do this sport
Introjected regulation: I should go to training or else I will feel bad for not going
Identified regulation: I want to go training because it will help me win and I want to win
Integrated regulation: I want to go training because being a sprinter is part of who I am
Intrinsic motivation: I go training because I like it and I enjoy playing football
What is intrinsic motivation?
Individuals engage in an activity to
experience fun/pleasant sensations, out of
curiosity, to learn new things/mastery, or
develop their competencies. Reward
usually experiential. Positive emotions
usually experienced.
What is external regulation?
Type of extrinsic motivation
Behavior is performed out of pressure and
constraints or in order to receive rewards
What is introjected regulation?
Type of extrinsic motivation
Behaviour is carried out to avoid feelings of guilt and anxiety or to please significant others. Not truly self-determined; limited to external
contingencies but reasons are internalized
What is identified regulation?
Type of extrinsic motivation
Behaviour is carried out to avoid feelings of guilt and anxiety or to please significant others. Not truly self-determined; limited to external
contingencies but reasons are internalized
What is integrated regulation?
Type of extrinsic motivation
Engage in acitivty out of personal choice and activity is integrated part of self
What is amotivation?
Individuals lack motivation. Absence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. No viable reason for doing activity.
What are the basic psychological needs of SDT?
Defined as “innate psychological nutrients that are essential for ongoing psychological growth, integrity, and well-being” (Deci & Ryan, 2000, p.229).
Components include autonomy, relatedness and competence.
What is the Basic Psychological Needs Mini-Theory?
Suggests that person will have better motivation and hence mental health when they feel efficacious, act with volition (voice and choice) and feel connected, respected and cared for
What relations are suggested between environmental factors, self-determined motivation, need satisfaction and mental health in sport?
Social contextual factors / the motivational climcate can promote autonomous motivation and wellbeing by satisfying the basic psychological needs, such as a positive coach or negative coach, play into someones relatedness with team mates, their competence in the sport and autonomy. Greater relatedness, competence and autonomy leads to increased autonomous motivation such as intrinsic motivation or integrated regulation. This in turn leads to improved affective, behavioural and cognitive wellbeing. However, negative social contextual factors can lead to positive results.
What are the basic psychological needs in sport, give examples
Autonomy involves having understanding and choice over training and competitions.
Competence involves feeling skilled at sport as well as knowledgeable about sport.
Relatedness can involve both understanding with the coach as well as having good relations with others
How can autonomy be supported?
Encouraging inititiative
Allow participation in decision making
Offering MEANINGFUL choices
Providing rationale for decisions and benefits when choice is not available - such as for boring repetitive drills
Consider athletes’ perspective
minimise extrinsic reqrds and pressures - can be present but shouldn’t be used as carrot on a stick
What a features of social support?
Showing genuine interset
Being knowledgeable about others
Being emotionally available
Expressing care for individuals
Respcting relationships
Creating safe space
How can competence be supported?
Clear expectations and instructions
Optimal challenges
Provide informative feedback
Structure can be provided in an Autonomy Supportive or non-Autonomy Supportive manner
- task focused or ego focused competence
What are the different motivational climates and what implications are there of these different climates
Task-involving climate or ego-involving climate. Task-involving climate is more likely to improve basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation thus improving well-being.
What characteristics of task-involving motivational climate
Efforts are rewarded
Cooperation is valued
All athletes feel they have an important role
Mistakes are part of learning
What characteristics are there in ego-involving motivational climate
Only taleneted athletes receive recognition
Intra-team rivalry is encouraged
Mistakes are punished
What evidence is their for the predictors of mental health from an SDT perspective?
DeFrasisco et al. (2018)
Adie, Duda and Ntoumanis (2008)
Adie, Duda and Ntoumanis (2012)
Reinboth and Duda (2006)
Wu et al., (2021)
What did DeFransisco et al (2018) find
Assessed basic psychological need satisfaction, self-determined motivation and athlete engagement.
Found that pasic psychologic needs had higher self motivation which was a significant predictor or engagment which was a good predictor of confidence, vigor, dedication and enthusiasm.
What did Adie, Duda and Ntoumanis (2008) find ?
Tested a model of coach autonomy support, motivational processes and well-/ill-being in 539 adult team sports athletes in popular sports including hockey, cricket and netball. Questionnaire tested, autonomy support, basic psychological needs, subjective vitality and emotional/physical exhaustion.
Mean age of participants was 22.75 years
Cross-sectional study - so inherent floor that can’t determine causality
Found that effects of autonomy support were mediated by by autonomy and competence but not relatedness. Autonomy and ompetence led to subective vitality.
What are the findings of Adie, Duda and Ntournanis (2012)?
Completed a field based longitudinal design of 54 male youth football academy athletes.
Found:
○Perceptions of coach-autonomy support positively predicted within-person changes and between-person mean differences in basic need satisfaction and well-being over time
○ Satisfactions scores for the needs for competence and relatedness were found to predict within-person changes in subjective vitality
○ Same needs partially mediated the coach-autonomy support -subjective vitality link over the two seasons
