keyes 2 continua model Flashcards
(15 cards)
Explain Keyes’ two continua model of mental health and mental illness
People exist on an axis of high and low mental health (flourishing / languishing) which can fluctuate on any given day dependent on the person. At same time people are on an excess of high to low mental illness. Having mental illness or not does not indicate whether someone has poor or good mental health. Mental health and mental illness are two distinct but related constructs.
What is flourishing?
High level of 1 of 2 scales of emotional wellbeing / high level o f6 of 11 scales of positive functioning. When someone displays high levels of positive functioning in most dimensions of emotional, psychological and social well-being.
What is languishing?
Low levels of 1 of 2 scales of emotional wellbeing / low levels of 6 of 11 scales of positive functioning. State in which individuals have no positive emotions towards life, not functioning optimally socially or psychologically. Not fulfilling potential nor realising goals and aspirations. Dangerous state as unlikely to seek help.
What is moderate mental health?
Low or high levels on 7 of 13 scales of positive functioning. When neither flourishing nor languishing. Most people fall into this category.
Discuss key challenges for research into sport and mental health
Lack of consensus on definition of mental health and how this may be presented in athletes (Uphill et al., 2016)
Stigma for athletes around mental health
What are possible reasons for increased stigma for mental health in sport?
May be an increase of stigma due to culture that favours being stronger and tougher and minimising of weaknesses. (Uphill et al)
Fear of exclusion from team and loss of identity due to this. (Uphill et al)
Stress / depression / anxiety / restricted eating is normal part of sport/
What are the strengths of Keyes’ model for research and intervention?
Well-evidenced model (Uphill et al., 2016). Promoting mental health may prevent the development of mental illness (Uphill et al., 2016). Iasiello & Van Agterren reviewed 83 studies which found the model to be generally valid and replicated across cultures, sex, age, + using diff. measures of positive mental health and illness
What are the weaknesses of Keyes’ model for research and intervention?
Model uses traditional mental health language which may align with stigmas athletes feel and mean that the model feels less applicable to them (Uphill et al., 2016).
Assessment measures that can be used within sport for the model are yet to be developed (Uphill et al., 2016).
How can weaknesses of Keyes’ model for sport be overcome?
Suggest changing language of the model (Uphill et al., 2016)
What are individual risk factors to athlete mental health?
Age, elite sport level and gender.
Stress - personal or inrelation to education/work
Relationship conflicts
Number of injuries in past 2 years
Total effort hours per week
Performance expectation
Overtraining
Maladaptive personality traits
Career satisfaction
What are individual preventative factors for athlete mental health?
Social support
Hours of sleep
Satisfaction with last competition
Mindfulness minutes per day
Sleep patterns
Mental health literacy
What are potential contextual risk factors for mental health in athletes?
Number of competitions per year
Selection
Critical career transitions
Low support from teammates
Stigma
What are possible environmental preventative factors?
Social support
Sport environment
trusting training environment
Role models
What evidence is their for the application of Keyes’ model to sport?
Uphill et al., 2016 were the first to investigate mental health in sport
Van Slingerland, Durand-Bish and Rathwell, 2018 investigated mental health somewhat through Keyes’ model: found that most studnet-atheltes had moderate mental health. The lowest mental health functioning was in females, hazardous drinking patterns, if lived off-campus without family, enrolled in first year of studies and an individual sport athlete. However, no values were significant and did not use a specialist sport measure.
what is a sport specific definition of mental health?
“Mental health is a dynamic state where athletes can realise their potential and act according to their values, are able to cope with different life stressors, and experience trusting relationships” (Kuttel & Larsen, 2019, p.23)
