Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pre-AP Biology 101 > Kingdoms > Flashcards

Kingdoms Flashcards

(91 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

List characteristics associated with dicots

A

2 seed leaves

Leaf veins are branched

Petals are in multiples of 4 or 5

Stems have vascular bundles in a ring

Long deep tap root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The main functions of roots are

A
  1. Absorb water & minerals
  2. Transport nutrients to the stem
  3. Anchor the plant to the ground
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The four main structures of a plant

A

Leaves, stems, roots, vascular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lichen is composed of a fungus and either ___________ or ____________.

A

Algae

Cyanobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do seedless vascular plants reproduce?

A

Spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The majority of the leaf is made of

A

Mesophyll cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anthrax, the bubonic plague, cholera, dental cavities, lyme disease, tuberculosis, strep throat, diphtheria, typhus, and tetanus are all caused by types of…

A

Bacteria!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The function of this type of vascular tissue is to transport water up the stem through capillary action

A

Xylem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The cell wall of fungi is composed of

A

Chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two types of pollination?

A
  1. Self-pollination: stigma receives pollen from the same flower or a flower on the same plant
  2. Cross-pollination: stimga receives pollen from a different plant of the same species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This type of plant uses water for reproduction

A

Nonvascular (releases sperm & egg into the water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This structure is considered a virulence factor (something that enables the bacteria to cause disease) and contains water to keep the bacteria from drying out

A

Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plants grow towards light

A

Phototropism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This type of plant uses cones as seeds

A

Gymnosperms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A mass of hyphae

A

Mycelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The location of functioning xylem and phloem in a tree

A

Sapwood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fungus-like protists are classified based on

A

How they reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define a plant

A

Multicellular eukaryote that does photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the purpose of gram staining. What do the different results mean?

A

Determines the chemical composition of bacterial cell walls (peptidoglycan or not)

Positive: turns purple and means there is peptidoglycan in the cell wall

Negative: turns red/pink, means there is little to no peptidoglycan in the cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An organism that causes disease

A

Pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The purpose of phloem is to

A

Transport sugar (food) down the plant from the leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The main types of roots are

A
  1. fibrous
  2. taproot
  3. adventitious
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The very center spot of a tree

A

Pith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do plants need to survive?

A

Sunlight, water, minerals, gas exchange (CO2 and O2), movement of water and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Compare and contrast the two types of stems
1. Herbaceous: non-woody, soft, green, die back to the roots each year 2. Woody: hard, rigid, do not die back to the roots each year, have yearly growth (rings)
26
The part of the plant that does photosynthesis
Leaves
27
Why are viruses classified as non-living?
They do not meet the requirements for life (do not carry out respiration, do not grow, cannot reproduce outside of a host cell...)
28
What is a facultative anaerobe?
A type of bacteria that does not need oxygen to survive (prefers to not have it) but can survive in an oxygenated environment
29
Plants respond to their environment through
hormones
30
This structure absorbs water/food and secretes enzymes for the fungus
Rhizoids
31
What is a prion?
A pathogenic structure that does not contain a nucleic acid, only a protein, and that causes diseases in animals
32
The response of the plant to the change in the amount of light due to seasonal changes
Photoperiodism
33
Green, leaf-like structures that surround the stem under the petals
Sepals
34
How do eubacteria & archaebacteria differ?
Archaebacteria are found in extreme environments, are older/possible ancestors of eubacteria, and cell walls lack peptidoglycan Eubacteria are found in more common environments, cell walls do have peptidoglycan
35
How does the lysogenic cycle differ from the lytic cycle?
It does not destroy the host cell right away
36
Drugs for stomach ulcers & high blood pressure, thickeners for food and wound dressings, chemicals in plastics, waxes, paints, and lubricants are all examples of products made from
Protists
37
A period of decreased activity in a plant
Dormancy
38
A ripened plant ovary
Fruit
39
Flowering plants
Angiosperms
40
List at least 3 common arrangements of bacteria:
Strep: chain Staph: cluster Diplo: pair Tetrad: group of 4 Sarcina: cube
41
What are the three life span categories of plants?
Annuals - live 1 year or less Biennials - live 2 years Perennials - live more than 2 years
42
What is the importance of the viral capsid?
The shape of the viral coat matches the shape on its specific host cell (SHAPE RELATES TO FUNCTION)
43
List the parts of the stamen and their function
1. Anther - contains and produces pollen 2. Filament - connects the anther to the flower
44
What are methods for keeping bacteria under control?
Antibiotics Temperature (most bacteria can't survive high temps and their reproduction slows down at low temps)
45
Another term for the protein coat of a virus is
Capsid
46
Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma
Pollination
47
List some well known diseases caused by viruses
Polio, AIDS, Influenza, Small Pox, Zika, TMV, Ebola
48
This category of protist is classified based on how they move What are those classifications
Animal-like protists Ciliates, flagellates, pseudopods
49
Responses of plants to external stimuli
Tropisms
50
Horizontal connections between plant/fungi
Stolon
51
A virus that contains RNA
Retrovirus
52
Compare and contrast primary and secondary plant growth
Primary - stem grows longer (from the tips) Secondary - plant grows thicker (tree rings)
53
This structure is a waxy covering that keeps the leaves from drying out in drier places
Cuticle
54
The function of this bacterial structure is to connect two bacteria to enable the transfer of plasmids between the bacteria during conjugation
Pili (fimbriae)
55
The opening in the cuticle that allows for gas exchange
Stomata
56
What is meant by the following terms and how do they relate to one another: cocci, bacilli, spirilli, vibrio
Cocci: spherical Bacilli: bar/rod shaped Sprilli: spiral Vibrio: comma shaped All are shapes of bacteria
57
What are the four types of seed dispersal?
1. Self 2. Wind 3. Water 4. Animal
58
The female reproductive structures of a flower
Pistil
59
An enormous mass of algae
Algae Bloom
60
The most important development to plants survival was
Vascular Tissue
61
What do thin and thick tree rings indicate?
Thin ring - drought, poor growing season, little available sunlight Thick ring - good growing season, plenty of water and sunlight
62
Colorful, leaf-like structures found about the sepals; attract pollinators
Petals
63
Identify the three main categories of plants & give an example of each
1. Nonvascular plants - bryophytes (mosses) 2. Seedless vascular - ferns 3. Vascular - (trees, flowers)
64
The basic structure of a virus
DNA or RNA and a protein coat
65
What are the parts of the pistil and their function?
1. Stigma - top of the pistil that is sticky/hairy to trap pollen 2. Style - connects the stigma to the ovary 3. Ovary - becomes the fruit after fertilization 4. Ovules - eggs, which become seeds if fertilized 5. Fruit - the ripened ovary of a plant containing seeds
66
Vascular plants are divided into these two categories?
Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
67
List characteristics associated with monocots
1 seed leaf Leaf veins are parallel Petals are in multiples of 3 Have fibrous roots Vascular bundles are scattered
68
Any organism that is not a plant, animal, fungus, or prokaryote is a
Protist
69
Hyphae are
single thread-like cells that make up a mushroom
70
The function of reverse transcriptase is to
Copy the viral RNA into DNA
71
What is gravitropism?
The response of the plant to gravity which causes the stem to grow up and the roots to grow down
72
Malaria is caused by this animal-like protist
*Plasmodium falciparum*
73
A response that causes plants to grow towards touch
Thigmotropism
74
What are some examples of beneficial uses of bacteria? Roles in the environment?
Mining for minerals, creating antibiotics, cleaning up oil spills Nitrogen fixation, recycling nutrients, carrying out photosynthesis, breaking down decaying matter
75
Plant-like protists are classified based on
What color they are
76
The main function of fruit is
Dispersing seeds
77
What are 6 ways bacteria can be classified?
1. Chemicals in cell wall 2. Method of movement 3. Method of obtaining energy 4. Where they live 5. If they need oxygen or not 6. Shapes/arrangements
78
List the steps of the lytic cycle.
1. Attachment 2. Entry 3. Replication 4. Assembly 5. Release
79
Found in the cap of a mushroom (in between the gills), this structure is responsible for producing spores
Basidia
80
The two bacterial kingdoms are
Eubacteria & Archaebacteria
81
Antibiotics only work on
Bacterial diseases
82
Production of new xylem and phloem is carried out here
Cambium
83
Polio, HPV, HIV (AIDS), the flu, and small pox are caused by
Viruses
84
Identify and describe the method of asexual bacterial reproduction.
Binary fission - the bacteria: - grows to a point where it's double its original size - replicates its DNA (including plasmids) splits in half
85
What do chemoautotrophs use to produce energy?
Chemicals
86
The main functions of this plant structure are to provide structural support for upright growth of the plant and to transport water and food to all parts of the plant
Stem
87
Stamen
Male reproductive structures of a flower
88
Single stranded RNA molecules that have no surrounding capsid and that cause plant diseases
Viroids
89
What is a bacteriophage?
A virus that only infects bacteria
90
How are protists classified?
Based on how they obtain energy
91
Define "lyse"
disintegrate a cell by rupture of the cell wall or membrane

Pre-AP Biology 101 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions