L1

Question 1

The kidney regulates the [blood component] of the blood that is composed mostly of [component of blood]

Answer 1

The kidney regulates the plasma of the blood that is composed mostly of water

Question 2

The [organ] regulates the plasma of the blood that is composed mostly of water

Answer 2

The kidney regulates the plasma of the blood that is composed mostly of water

Question 3

Functions of the kidneys: (5)

Answer 3

1. Regulate blood volume and pressure via plasma (Primary)
2. Maintain pH
3. Excretion of waste products
4. Gluconeogenesis
5. Hormone secretion

Question 4

[kidney function] (Primary) by the kidney consists of:

1. Maintain water concentration and fluid volume
2. Maintain inorganic ion concentration

Answer 4

Regulate blood volume and pressure via plasma (Primary) by the kidney consists of:

1. Maintain water concentration and fluid volume
2. Maintain inorganic ion concentration

Question 5

Regulate blood volume and pressure via plasma (Primary) by the kidney consists of:

1. Maintain […]
2. Maintain […]

Answer 5

Regulate blood volume and pressure via plasma (Primary) by the kidney consists of:

1. Maintain water concentration and fluid volume
2. Maintain inorganic ion concentration

Question 6

[kidney function] by the kidney consists of:

1. Maintain hydrogen ion concentration

Answer 6

pH maintenance by the kidney consists of:

1. Maintain hydrogen ion concentration

Question 7

pH maintenance by the kidney consists of:

1. Maintain ….

Answer 7

pH maintenance by the kidney consists of:

1. Maintain hydrogen ion concentration

Question 8

[kidney function] by the kidney consists of:

1. Urea
2. Uric acid
3. Creatinine
4. Bilirubin
5. Drugs, food additives, pesiticides

Answer 8

aste products excreted by the kidney consists of:

1. Urea
2. Uric acid
3. Creatinine
4. Bilirubin
5. Drugs, food additives, pesiticides

Question 9

Waste products excreted by the kidney consists of:

1. […]
2. […]
3. […]
4. […]
5. […]

Answer 9

1. Urea
2. Uric acid
3. Creatinine
4. Bilirubin
5. Drugs, food additives, pesiticides

Question 10

[kidney function] secreted by the kidney consists of:

1. [hormone] is synthesized by fibroblasts in the kidneys
2. Renin
3. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (active metabolite)

Answer 10

Hormone secretion secreted by the kidney consists of:

1. Erythropoetin is synthesized by fibroblasts in the kidneys
2. Renin
3. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (active metabolite)

Question 11

Hormone secretion secreted by the kidney consists of:

1. Erythropoetin is synthesized by [cell type] in the kidneys
2. [hormone]
3. [hormone] (active metabolite)

Answer 11

Hormone secretion secreted by the kidney consists of:

1. Erythropoetin is synthesized by fibroblasts in the kidneys
2. Renin
3. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (active metabolite)

Question 12

[how much]% of body weight is water
[how much]% of water weight is intracellular
[how much]% of water weight is extracellular

Answer 12

60% of body weight is water
40% of water weight is intracellular
20% of water weight is extracellular

Question 13

60% of body weight is water
40% of water weight is [extra or intra]cellular
20% of water weight is [extra or intra]cellular

Answer 13

60% of body weight is water
40% of water weight is intracellular
20% of water weight is extracellular

Question 14

[how much]% of water weight is [extra or intra]cellular and is composed of the plasma, interstitial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 14

20% of water weight is extracellular and is composed of the plasma, interstitial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid 2

Question 15

20% of water weight is extracellular and is composed of the […], […], and […]

Answer 15

20% of water weight is extracellular and is composed of the plasma, interstitial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 16

The [organ] regulate movement of water between the plasma and interstitial fluid and maintain the volume of plasma at a very [wide or narrow] range

Answer 16

The kidneys regulate movement of water between the plasma and interstitial fluid and maintain the volume of plasma at a very narrow range

Question 17

The kidneys regulate movement of water between the [extracellular fluid compartment] and [extracellular fluid compartment] and maintain the volume of [extracellular fluid compartment] at a very narrow range

Answer 17

The kidneys regulate movement of water between the plasma and interstitial fluid and maintain the volume of plasma at a very narrow range

Question 18

Changes that occur (ex: diarreha) where the [extracellular fluid compartment] volume is affected happen due to the rapid movement of water from [extracellular fluid compartment] by the process of osmosis

Answer 18

Changes that occur (ex: diarreha) where the plasma volume is affected happen due to the rapid movement of water from plasma by the process of osmosis

Question 19

Changes that occur (ex: diarreha) where the plasma volume is affected happen due to the rapid movement of water from plasma by the process of [diffusion or osmosis]

Answer 19

Changes that occur (ex: diarreha) where the plasma volume is affected happen due to the rapid movement of water from plasma by the process of osmosis

Question 20

The kidneys regulate [intra or extra]cellular fluid

Answer 20

The kidneys regulate extracellular fluid

Question 21

Plasma is the [cellular or non cellular] part of the blood inside blood vessels

Answer 21

Plasma is the non cellular part of the blood inside blood vessels

Question 22

[blood component] is the non cellular part of the blood inside blood vessels

Answer 22

Plasma is the non cellular part of the blood inside blood vessels

Question 23

Higher concentration [intra or extra]cellularly (ions)
- Sodium
- Chloride
- Bicarbonate

Higher concentration [intra or extra]cellularly (ions)
- Potassium
- Phosphate

Answer 23

Higher concentration extracellularly (ions)
- Sodium
- Chloride
- Bicarbonate

Higher concentration intracellularly (ions)
- Potassium
- Phosphate

Question 24

Higher concentration extracellularly (ions)
- […]
- […]
- […]

Higher concentration intracellularly (ions)
- […]
- […]

Answer 24

Higher concentration extracellularly (ions)
- Sodium
- Chloride
- Bicarbonate

Higher concentration intracellularly (ions)
- Potassium
- Phosphate

Question 25

Higher concentration [intra or extra]cellularly (ions) - Sodium - Chloride - Bicarbonate

Answer 25

Higher concentration extracellularly (ions) - Sodium - Chloride - Bicarbonate

Question 26

Higher concentration extracellularly (ions) - [...] - [...] - [...]

Answer 26

Higher concentration extracellularly (ions) - Sodium - Chloride - Bicarbonate

Question 27

Higher concentration [intra or extra]cellularly (ions) - Potassium - Phosphate

Answer 27

Higher concentration intracellularly (ions) - Potassium - Phosphate

Question 28

Higher concentration intracellularly (ions) - [...] - [...]

Answer 28

Higher concentration intracellularly (ions) - Potassium - Phosphate

Question 29

[channel] are water-selective channels in the plasma membrane responsible for rapid diffusion of water

Answer 29

Aquaporins are water-selective channels in the plasma membrane responsible for rapid diffusion of water

Question 30

Aquaporins [are or are not] water-selective channels in the plasma membrane responsible for rapid [osmosis or diffusion] of water

Answer 30

Aquaporins are water-selective channels in the plasma membrane responsible for rapid diffusion of water

Question 31

[...] of a solution depends on the amount of solute in that solution

Answer 31

Water concentration of a solution depends on the amount of solute in that solution

Question 32

Water concentration of a solution depends on the amount of [water or solute] in that solution

Answer 32

Water concentration of a solution depends on the amount of solute in that solution

Question 33

1 [measurement parameter] is equal to 1 mole of solute that is dissolved in water

Answer 33

1 osmole is equal to 1 mole of solute that is dissolved in water

Question 34

1 osmole is equal to 1 mole of [water or solute] that is dissolved in [water or solute]

Answer 34

1 osmole is equal to 1 mole of solute that is dissolved in water

Question 35

[...] is defined as the number of solutes per volume of solution expressed in moles per litre (n/L)

Answer 35

Osmolarity is defined as the number of solutes per volume of solution expressed in moles per litre (n/L)

Question 36

Osmolarity is defined as the number of [water particles or solutes] per volume of solution expressed in moles per litre (n/L)

Answer 36

Osmolarity is defined as the number of solutes per volume of solution expressed in moles per litre (n/L)

Question 37

Water concentration is always recorded in [osmolarity or osmoles]

Answer 37

Water concentration is always recorded in osmoles

Question 38

[low or high] solute = [low or high] osmolarity = low water concentration

Answer 38

High solute = high osmolarity = low water concentration

Question 39

Low solute = [low or high] osmolarity = [low or high] water concentration

Answer 39

Low solute = low osmolarity = high water concentration

Question 40

[osmosis or diffusion] is movement of solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to random [what type] motion

Answer 40

Diffusion is movement of solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to random thermal motion

Question 41

Diffusion is movement of solute from an area of [low or high] concentration to an area of [low or high] concentration due to random thermal motion

Answer 41

Diffusion is movement of solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to random thermal motion

Question 42

Eventually, diffusion through a permeable membrane will cause [...] to be reached

Answer 42

Eventually, diffusion through a permeable membrane will cause diffusional equilibrium to be reached

Question 43

[diffusion or osmosis] is the net diffusion of [solute or water] across a selectively (semi) permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration The pressure necessary to [allow or prevent] solvent (water) movement (osmosis) is known as the [...] of the solution

Answer 43

Osmosis is the net diffusion of water across a selectively (semi) permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration The pressure necessary to prevent solvent (water) movement (osmosis) is known as the osmotic pressure of the solution

Question 44

Osmosis is the net diffusion of water across a [fully permeable or selectively permeable] membrane from a region of [low or high] water concentration to a region of [low or high] water concentration The pressure necessary to prevent [solute or solvent] movement (osmosis) is known as the osmotic pressure of the solution

Answer 44

Osmosis is the net diffusion of water across a selectively (semi) permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration The pressure necessary to prevent solvent (water) movement (osmosis) is known as the osmotic pressure of the solution

Question 45

A higher [...] tells you there is more solute dissolved in a solution. Which compartment has more solute dissolved thus a higher osmolarity? [compartment answer]

Answer 45

A higher osmolarity tells you there is more solute dissolved in a solution. Which compartment has more solute dissolved thus a higher osmolarity? B

Question 46

Water will move from regions with a [lower or higher] osmolarity to a region with [lower or higher] osmolarity

Answer 46

Water will move from regions with a lower osmolarity to a region with higher osmolarity

Question 47

Diffusional equilibrium in osmosis is reached when the [...] of each solution on each side of the semi-permeable membrane are equal

Answer 47

Diffusional equilibrium in osmosis is reached when the osmolarites (osmoles (3)) of each solution on each side of the semi-permeable membrane are equal

Question 48

[...] is the opposing pressure required to stop osmosis completely. [...] will push and prevent water from coming into the cell, to prevent them from taking on too much water and bursting

Answer 48

Osmotic pressure is the opposing pressure required to stop osmosis completely. Osmotic pressure will push and prevent water from coming into the cell, to prevent them from taking on too much water and bursting

Question 49

[...] is determined by the concentration of non-penetrating [solutes or solvents] of an extracellular solution

Answer 49

Tonicity is determined by the concentration of non-penetrating solutes of an extracellular solution

Question 50

Tonicity is determined by the concentration of [penetrating or non penetrating] solutes of an [intra or extra]cellular solution

Answer 50

Tonicity is determined by the concentration of non-penetrating solutes of an extracellular solution

Question 51

[tonicity] means the osmolarity is the same outside and inside the cell

Answer 51

Isotonic means the osmolarity is the same outside and inside the cell

Question 52

[tonicity] means the extracellular fluid has a higher amount of solute than the inside of the cell Water will leave the cell

Answer 52

Hypertonic (hyperosmotic) means the extracellular fluid has a higher amount of solute than the inside of the cell Water will leave the cell

Question 53

Hypertonic (hyperosmotic) means the extracellular fluid has a [lower or higher] amount of solute than the inside of the cell Water will [enter or leave] the cell

Answer 53

Hypertonic (hyperosmotic) means the extracellular fluid has a higher amount of solute than the inside of the cell Water will leave the cell

Question 54

[tonicity] means the extracellular fluid has a lower amount of solute than the inside of the cell Water will enter the cell

Answer 54

Hypotonic (hypoosmotic) means the extracellular fluid has a lower amount of solute than the inside of the cell Water will enter the cell

Question 55

Hypotonic (hypoosmotic) means the extracellular fluid has a [lower or higher] amount of solute than the inside of the cell Water will [enter or leave] the cell

Answer 55

Hypotonic (hypoosmotic) means the extracellular fluid has a lower amount of solute than the inside of the cell Water will enter the cell

Question 56

Water flows from [higher or lower] osmolarity to [higher or lower] osmolarity

Answer 56

Water flows from lower osmolarity to higher osmolarity

Question 57

Normal osmolarity inside a cell is about [number] mOsm/L (milliosmoles)

Answer 57

Normal osmolarity inside a cell is about 300 mOsm/L (milliosmoles)

Question 58

The difference between isoosmotic and isotonic is that [isoosmotic or isotonic] accounts for the penetrance of the solute

Answer 58

The difference between isoosmotic and isotonic is that isotonic accounts for the penetrance of the solute

Question 59

3 keys of tonicity: 1. [...] of an [intra or extra]cellular solution 2. [...] 3. [...]

Answer 59

3 keys of tonicity: 1. Non-penetrating solutes of an extracellular solution 2. Changes in cell volume 3. 3 conditions (iso, hyper, hypo)

Question 60

The four factors that determine the net filtration pressure and direction of fluid movement are called [...]

Answer 60

The four factors that determine the net filtration pressure and direction of fluid movement are called starling forces

Question 61

The four factors that determine the net filtration pressure and direction of fluid movement are called [...]

Answer 61

The four factors that determine the net filtration pressure and direction of fluid movement are called starling forces

Question 62

The four factors that determine the net [...] and direction of [...] are called starling forces

Answer 62

The four factors that determine the net filtration pressure and direction of fluid movement are called starling forces

Question 63

At the [venous or arterial] end of a capillary: more filtration of fluid as the net filtration pressure is [positive or negative]; fluid moves out of the capillary

Answer 63

At the arterial end of a capillary: more filtration of fluid as the net filtration pressure is positive; fluid moves out of the capillary

Question 64

At the arterial end of a capillary: more [absoprtion or filtration] of fluid as the net filtration pressure is positive; fluid moves [in or out] of the capillary

Answer 64

At the arterial end of a capillary: more filtration of fluid as the net filtration pressure is positive; fluid moves out of the capillary

Question 65

At the [venous or arterial] end of a capillary: more absorption of fluid as the net filtration pressure is [positive or negative]; fluid moves in the capillary

Answer 65

At the venous end of a capillary: more absorption of fluid as the net filtration pressure is negative; fluid moves in the capillary

Question 66

At the venous end of a capillary: more [absoprtion or filtration] of fluid as the net filtration pressure is negative; fluid moves [in or out] the capillary

Answer 66

At the venous end of a capillary: more absorption of fluid as the net filtration pressure is negative; fluid moves in the capillary

Question 67

The kidneys play an important role in maintain homeostasis by ensuring the [intra or extra]cellular fluid is maintained within a constant range

Answer 67

The kidneys play an important role in maintain homeostasis by ensuring the extracellular fluid is maintained within a constant range