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L6 Flashcards

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1
Q

T or F?
Water reabsorption is dependent upon Na+ reabsorption

Answer: [T or F]

Why?

A

T or F?
Water reabsorption is dependent upon Na+ reabsorption

Answer: T

Why?

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2
Q

T or F?
2. [Na+ ] and extracellular body fluid volume are closely linked

Answer: [T or F]

Why?

A

T or F?
2. [Na+ ] and extracellular body fluid volume are closely linked

Answer: T

Why?

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3
Q

T or F?
[Na+ ] and extracellular body fluid volume are closely linked

Answer: [T or F]

Why?

A

T or F?
[Na+ ] and extracellular body fluid volume are closely linked

Answer: T

Why?

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4
Q

T or F?
Any changes in total body [Na+ ] cause changes in blood volume and blood pressure

Answer: [T or F]

Why?

A

T or F?
Any changes in total body [Na+ ] cause changes in blood volume and blood pressure

Answer: T

Why?

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5
Q

T or F?
Plasma osmolarity mainly determined by measuring the plasma [Na+ ]

Answer: [T or F]

Why?

A

T or F?
Plasma osmolarity mainly determined by measuring the plasma [Na+ ]

Answer: T

Why?

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6
Q

T or F?
Volume of water reabsorption dictates how much water will be excreted

Answer: [T or F]

Why?

A

T or F?
Volume of water reabsorption dictates how much water will be excreted

Answer: T

Why?

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7
Q

T or F?
Physiological control of water reabsorption/excretion is exerted by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin

Answer: [T or F]

Why?

A

T or F?
Physiological control of water reabsorption/excretion is exerted by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin

Answer: T

Why?

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8
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (Vasopressin):

  • [steroid or peptide] hormone
  • Made in the [brain region] by neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus (SON)
  • Released by the posterior pituitary
  • Neurosecretory cells are able to sense low blood […] and high blood {{c1:osmolarity}}
  • Acts on the [nephron component]
A

Antidiuretic hormone (Vasopressin):

  • Peptide hormone
  • Made in the hypothalamus by neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus (SON)
  • Released by the posterior pituitary
  • Neurosecretory cells are able to sense low blood volume and high blood {{c1:osmolarity}}
  • Acts on the collecting duct
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9
Q

[aquaporin type] is on the luminal side of the collecting duct, its presence [is or is not] regulated by gene transcription due to actions from [hormone]

A

AQP-2 is on the luminal side of the collecting duct, its presence is regulated by gene transcription due to actions from ADH (Vasopressin)

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10
Q

[aquaporin type] is on the basolateral side of the collecting duct, its presence [is or is not] regulated

A

AQP-3, 4 is on the basolateral side of the collecting duct, its presence is not regulated

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11
Q

When blood […] is low or blood {{c1:osmolarity}} is high:

[hormone] binds a receptor on the basolateral membrane of the [nephron component] epithelial cell.

This causes a [G-protein or tyrosine kinase] response to up- regulate transcription of [specific aquaporin] to be inserted on the luminal membrane

A

When blood volume is low or blood {{c1:osmolarity}} is high:

ADH (Vasopressin) binds a receptor on the basolateral membrane of the collecting duct epithelial cell.

This causes a G-protein response to up- regulate transcription of AQP-2 to be inserted on the luminal membrane

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12
Q

If levels of ADH (Vasopressin) are [high or low], AQP-2 will be recycled by [exo or endo]cytosis

A

If levels of ADH (Vasopressin) are low, AQP-2 will be recycled by endocytosis

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13
Q

Absence of [hormone] leads to diuresis

A

Absence of ADH (vasopressin) leads to diuresis

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14
Q

In Diabetes [mellitus or insipidus]:

[nephrogenic or central]:
- [hormone] is not not released from the posterior pituitary

[nephrogenic or central]:
- [hormone] is released normally but there is a problem with the cells in the nephron

A

In Diabetes insipidus:

Central:
- ADH (Vasopressin) is not not released from the posterior pituitary

Nephrogenic:
- ADH (Vasopressin) is released normally but there is a problem with the cells in the nephron

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15
Q

When [hormone] is increased, [specific aquaporin] levels increase, causing water [excretion or reabsorption] (pee [more or less])

A

When ADH (Vasopressin) is increased, AQP-2 levels increase, causing water reabsorption (pee less)

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16
Q

When [hormone] is decreased, [specific aquaporin] levels decrease, causing water [excretion or reabsorption] (pee [more or less])

A

When ADH (Vasopressin) is decreased, AQP-2 levels decrease, causing water excretion (pee more)

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17
Q

In [excess water or dry] conditions: osmolarity gradients will be steeper because the body is trying to reabsorb water

[receptor type] in the hypothalamus [will or will not] transcribe more AQP-2 by [blocking or releasing] vasopressin (ADH)

A

In dry conditions: osmolarity gradients will be steeper because the body is trying to reabsorb water

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus will transcribe more AQP-2 by releasing vasopressin (ADH)

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18
Q

In [excess water or dry] conditions: osmolarity gradients will be shallower because the body is trying to excrete (excess) water

[receptor type] in the hypothalamus [will or will not] transcribe more AQP-2 by [blocking or releasing] vasopressin (ADH)

A

In excess water conditions: osmolarity gradients will be shallower because the body is trying to excrete (excess) water

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus will not transcribe more AQP-2 by blocking vasopressin (ADH)

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19
Q

Types of diuresis:

[water or osmotic] diuresis:
- Excess water
- Diabetes insipidus

A

Types of diuresis:

Water diuresis:
- Excess water
- Diabetes insipidus

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20
Q

Types of diuresis:

[water or osmotic] diuresis:
- Excess water and solute
- Diabetes mellitus

A

Types of diuresis:

Osmotic diuresis:
- Excess water and solute
- Diabetes mellitus

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21
Q

Na+ is never [excreted or secreted], but it is [excreted or secreted]

A

Na+ is never secreted, but it is excreted

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22
Q

Na+ [secreted or excreted] = sodium filtered - sodium reabsorbed

A

Na+ excreted = sodium filtered - sodium reabsorbed

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23
Q

Total Na+ in the body at one time varies within a [small or large] range

Total Na+ daily intake and loss varies within a [small or large] range

Na+ is physiologically regulated by changing the […]

A

Total Na+ in the body at one time varies within a small range

Total Na+ daily intake and loss varies within a large range

Na+ is physiologically regulated by changing the volume of urine excreted

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24
Q

If you have [high or low] Na+ in blood:

Short term regulation: baroreceptor regulation on glomerular filtration rate
Long term regulation: Aldosterone facilitates Na+ reabsorption

A

If you have low Na+ in blood:

Short term regulation: baroreceptor regulation on glomerular filtration rate
Long term regulation: Aldosterone facilitates Na+ reabsorption

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25
If you have high Na+ in blood: ANP: 1. Regulates [...] 2. Inhibits Na+ [excretion or reabsorption] 3. Inhbits actions of [hormone]
If you have high Na+ in blood: ANP: 1. Regulates glomerular filtration rate 2. Inhibits Na+ reabsorption 3. Inhbits actions of aldosterone
26
[receptor type] are used for short-term regulation of low plasma [osmolarity or volume] [stimuli sensor] detect stretch to determine plasma [osmolarity or volume]
Baroreceptors are used for short-term regulation of low plasma volume (pressure) Nerve endings detect stretch to determine plasma volume (pressure)
27
Low plasma volume/pressure = low [ion] levels
Low plasma volume/pressure = low Na+ levels
28
[receptor type] [stimuli sensor] that detect stretch are located: 1. Cartoid sinus 2. Aortic arch 3. Major veins 4. Juxtraglomerular cells
Baroreceptor nerve endings that detect stretch are located: 1. Cartoid sinus 2. Aortic arch 3. Major veins 4. Juxtraglomerular cells
29
Baroreceptors function by detecting: 1. Decreases (mostly) in blood [...] and [...] causing decreased nerve impulse frequency Information is processed by the [brain region] and activates sympathetic nervous system response The response is to [dilate or constrict] the afferent arterioles in the kidney, [increasing or decreasing] glomerular filtration rate, increasing Na+ reabsorption and [increasing or decreasing] Na+ excretion
Baroreceptors function by detecting: 1. Decreases (mostly) in blood volume and pressure causing decreased nerve impulse frequency Information is processed by the medulla oblongata and activates sympathetic nervous system response The response is to constrict the afferent arterioles in the kidney, decreasing glomerular filtration rate, increasing Na+ reabsorption and decreasing Na+ excretion
30
Aldosterone: - [steroid or peptide] hormone - Secreted by the [...] - [short or long] term effect - Release caused by [high or low] plasma volume - Acts to [remove or conserve] Na+ at the [nephron component] and the [medullary or cortical] [nephron component]
Aldosterone: - Steroid hormone - Secreted by the adrenal cortex - Long term effect - Release caused by low plasma volume - Acts to conserve Na+ at the distal tubule and the cortical collecting duct
31
Actions of [hormone]: 1. Induces synthesis of Na+ transport proteins 2. Stimulates Na+ reabsorption 3. Reduces Na+ excretion
Actions of aldosterone: 1. Induces synthesis of Na+ transport proteins 2. Stimulates Na+ reabsorption 3. Reduces Na+ excretion
32
[hormone] increases: 1. Luminal channels that bring Na+ into the [cortical or medullary] collecting duct or [nephron component] 2. Assists Na+/K+ ATPase function
Aldosterone increases: 1. Luminal channels that bring Na+ into the cortical collecting duct or distal tubule 2. Assists Na+/K+ ATPase function
33
Aldosterone causes [ion] reabsoprtion and [ion] secretion
Aldosterone causes Na+ reabsoprtion and K+ secretion
34
The sensor that regulates secretion of [hormone] is renin; it allows [protein] to act on the adrenal cortex to control the secretion of [hormone]
The sensor that regulates secretion of aldosterone is renin; it allows angiotensin II to act on the adrenal cortex to control the secretion of aldosterone
35
[enzyme] is produced by the kidneys and secreted by Juxtaglomerular cells. It [is or is not] the sensor for low NaCl concentration in the blood It converts [protein] to angiotensin I
Renin is produced by the kidneys and secreted by Juxtaglomerular cells. It is the sensor for low NaCl concentration in the blood It converts angiotensiongen to angiotensin I
36
[enzyme] converts [protein] to angiotensin II angiotensin II acts on the adrenal [medulla or cortex] to release aldosterone
ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II angiotensin II acts on the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
37
[drugs] block conversion of [protein] to angiotensin II This decreases blood pressure because Na+ [will or will not] be able to be reabsorbed
ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II This decreases blood pressure because Na+ will not be able to be reabsorbed
38
[hormone] causes increased Na+ [excretion or reabsorption] and decreased Na+ [excretion or reabsorption]
Aldosterone causes increased Na+ reabsorption and decreased Na+ excretion
39
Vasopressin is a [antidiuretic or diuretic]
Vasopressin is a diuretic
40
Aldosterone is a [antidiuretic or diuretic
Aldosterone is a diuretic
41
The renin-angiotensin mechanism for renin → aldosterone secretion is initated by [mechanoreceptors] in response to: 1. [parasympathetic or sympathetic] stimulation of extrarenal [receptor type] due to decreased stretch 2. Intrarenal [receptor type] ([mechanoreceptors] cells) located on the walls of the afferent arterioles 3. A [increase or decrease] of glomerular filtration rate sensed by macula densa cells indicates a [increase or decrease] in NaCl concentration All of these factors cause [enzyme] secretion from the juxtaglomerular cells
The renin-angiotensin mechanism for renin → aldosterone secretion is initated by juxtaglomerular cells in response to: 1. Sympathetic stimulation of extrarenal baroreceptors due to decreased stretch 2. Intrarenal baroreceptors (juxtaglomerular cells cells) located on the walls of the afferent arterioles 3. A decrease of glomerular filtration rate sensed by macula densa cells indicates a decrease in NaCl concentration All of these factors cause renin secretion from the juxtaglomerular cells
42
[cell type] are mechanoreceptors that sense stretch [cell type] are chemoreceptors that sense NaCl concentration in the [nephron component]
Juxtaglomerular cells are mechanoreceptors that sense stretch Macula densa are chemoreceptors that sense NaCl concentration in the distal tubule
43
[hormone] - [steroid or peptide] hormone - [synthesized, secreted, or both] by the cardiac atria - Regulates [low or high] levels of Na+ - Senses increased [concentration of NaCl or stretch of atria] - Affects [one or many] tubule component(s) Response is to: 1. [decrease or increase] glomerular filtration rate 2. [decrease or increase] Na+ excretion 3. Inhibit [hormone] actions
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) - Peptide hormone - Synthesized and secreted by the cardiac atria - Regulates high levels of Na+ - Senses increased stretch of atria (true sensor) - Affects many tubule component(s) Response is to: 1. Increase glomerular filtration rate 2. Increase Na+ excretion 3. Inhibit aldosterone actions
44
K+ [secreted or excreted] = K+ filtered - K+ reabsorbed + K+ secreted
K+ excreted = K+ filtered - K+ reabsorbed + K+ secreted
45
If the [intra or extra]cellular potassium levels increase, it must be excreted out into the urine to bring levels back to normal
If the extracellular potassium levels increase, it must be excreted out into the urine to bring levels back to normal
46
Potassium is mostly [secreted or reabsorbed] in the proximal tubule and the loop of Henle
Potassium is mostly reabsorbed in the proximal tubule and the loop of Henle
47
Potassium is mostly [secreted or reabsorbed] in the collecting duct
Potassium is mostly secreted in the collecting duct
48
Excess K+ in the blood is called [...]
Excess K+ in the blood is called hyperkalemia
49
K+ urine concentration is regulated in the [cortical or medullary] collecting ducts
K+ urine concentration is regulated in the cortical collecting ducts
50
Aldosterone secretion [is or is not] directly sensitive to the extracellular K+ levels Aldosterone secretion [is or is not] directly sensitive to the extracellular Na+ levels
Aldosterone secretion is directly sensitive to the extracellular K+ levels Aldosterone secretion is not directly sensitive to the extracellular Na+ levels
51
[hormone] acts on cortical collecting ducts to [decrease or increase] secretion of K+ into the urine in response to a [high or low] extracellular K+ concentration
Aldosterone acts on cortical collecting ducts to increase secretion of K+ into the urine in response to a high extracellular K+ concentration
52
Antidiuretic hormone (Vasopressin): - Peptide hormone - Made in the hypothalamus by [cell type] cells in the [specific brain region] - Released by the [anterior or posterior] pituitary - [cell type] cells are able to sense [high or low] blood volume and [high or low] blood {{c1:osmolarity}} - Acts on the collecting duct
Antidiuretic hormone (Vasopressin): - Peptide hormone - Made in the hypothalamus by neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) - Released by the posterior pituitary - Neurosecretory cells are able to sense low blood volume and high blood {{c1:osmolarity}} - Acts on the collecting duct
53
AQP-2 is on the [basolateral or luminal] side of the collecting duct, its presence is regulated by [regulation mechanism] due to actions from ADH (Vasopressin)
AQP-2 is on the luminal side of the collecting duct, its presence is regulated by gene transcription due to actions from ADH (Vasopressin)
54
AQP-3, 4 is on the [basolateral or luminal] side of the collecting duct, its presence is not regulated
AQP-3, 4 is on the basolateral side of the collecting duct, its presence is not regulated
55
When blood volume is [high or low] or blood {{c1:osmolarity}} is [high or low]: ADH (Vasopressin) binds a receptor on the [luminal or basolateral] membrane of the collecting duct epithelial cell. This causes a G-protein response to [down or up]- regulate transcription of AQP-2 to be inserted on the [luminal or basolateral] membrane
When blood volume is low or blood {{c1:osmolarity}} is high: ADH (Vasopressin) binds a receptor on the basolateral membrane of the collecting duct epithelial cell. This causes a G-protein response to up- regulate transcription of AQP-2 to be inserted on the luminal membrane
56
If levels of [hormone] are low, [specific aquaporin] will be recycled by endocytosis
If levels of ADH (Vasopressin) are low, AQP-2 will be recycled by endocytosis
57
Absence of ADH (vasopressin) leads to [anti-diuresis or diuresis]
Absence of ADH (vasopressin) leads to diuresis
58
In Diabetes insipidus: Central: - ADH (Vasopressin) [is or is not] not released from the [anterior or posterior] pituitary Nephrogenic: - ADH (Vasopressin) [is or is not] released normally but there is a problem with the cells in the [kidney component]
In Diabetes insipidus: Central: - ADH (Vasopressin) is not not released from the posterior pituitary Nephrogenic: - ADH (Vasopressin) is released normally but there is a problem with the cells in the nephron
59
When ADH (Vasopressin) is [decreased or increased], AQP-2 levels [decrease or increase], causing water reabsorption (pee less)
When ADH (Vasopressin) is increased, AQP-2 levels increase, causing water reabsorption (pee less)
60
When ADH (Vasopressin) is [decreased or increased], AQP-2 levels [decrease or increase], causing water excretion (pee more)
When ADH (Vasopressin) is decreased, AQP-2 levels decrease, causing water excretion (pee more)
61
In dry conditions: osmolarity gradients will be [shallower or steeper] because the body is trying to [excrete or reabsorb] water Osmoreceptors in the [brain region] will transcribe more [specific aquaporin] by releasing [hormone]
In dry conditions: osmolarity gradients will be steeper because the body is trying to reabsorb water Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus will transcribe more AQP-2 by releasing vasopressin (ADH)
62
In excess water conditions: osmolarity gradients will be [shallower or steeper] because the body is trying to [excrete or reabsorb] water Osmoreceptors in the [brain region] will not transcribe more [specific aquaporin] by blocking [hormone]
In excess water conditions: osmolarity gradients will be shallower because the body is trying to excrete (excess) water Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus will not transcribe more AQP-2 by blocking vasopressin (ADH)
63
Types of diuresis: Water diuresis: - Excess [water, solute, or both] - Diabetes [mellitus or insipidus]
Types of diuresis: Water diuresis: - Excess water - Diabetes insipidus
64
Types of diuresis: Osmotic diuresis: - Excess [water, solute, or both] - Diabetes [mellitus or insipidus]
Types of diuresis: Osmotic diuresis: - Excess water and solute - Diabetes mellitus
65
Na+ excreted = sodium [...] - sodium [...]
Na+ excreted = sodium filtered - sodium reabsorbed
66
If you have low Na+ in blood: Short term regulation: [receptor type] regulation on glomerular filtration rate Long term regulation: [hormone] facilitates Na+ reabsorption
If you have low Na+ in blood: Short term regulation: baroreceptor regulation on glomerular filtration rate Long term regulation: Aldosterone facilitates Na+ reabsorption
67
If you have [high or low] Na+ in blood: [hormone]: 1. Regulates glomerular filtration rate 2. Inhibits Na+ reabsorption 3. Inhbits actions of aldosterone
If you have high Na+ in blood: ANP: 1. Regulates glomerular filtration rate 2. Inhibits Na+ reabsorption 3. Inhbits actions of aldosterone
68
Baroreceptors are used for [long or short]-term regulation of [high or low] plasma volume (pressure) Nerve endings detect stretch to determine plasma volume (pressure)
Baroreceptors are used for short-term regulation of low plasma volume (pressure) Nerve endings detect stretch to determine plasma volume (pressure)
69
Baroreceptor nerve endings that detect stretch are located: 1. [...] 2. [...] 3. [...] 4. [...]
Baroreceptor nerve endings that detect stretch are located: 1. Cartoid sinus 2. Aortic arch 3. Major veins 4. Juxtraglomerular cells
70
[receptor type] function by detecting: 1. Decreases (mostly) in blood volume and pressure causing [decreased or increased] nerve impulse frequency Information is processed by the medulla oblongata and activates [parasympathetic or sympathetic] nervous system response The response is to constrict the [efferent or afferent] arterioles in the kidney, decreasing glomerular filtration rate, [increasing or decreasing] Na+ reabsorption and decreasing Na+ excretion
Baroreceptors function by detecting: 1. Decreases (mostly) in blood volume and pressure causing decreased nerve impulse frequency Information is processed by the medulla oblongata and activates sympathetic nervous system response The response is to constrict the afferent arterioles in the kidney, decreasing glomerular filtration rate, increasing Na+ reabsorption and decreasing Na+ excretion
71
Actions of aldosterone: 1. [...] 2. [...] 3. [...]
Actions of aldosterone: 1. Induces synthesis of Na+ transport proteins 2. Stimulates Na+ reabsorption 3. Reduces Na+ excretion
72
Aldosterone increases: 1. [basolateral or luminal] channels that bring Na+ into the cortical [nephron component] or distal tubule 2. Assists [channel] function
Aldosterone increases: 1. Luminal channels that bring Na+ into the cortical collecting duct or distal tubule 2. Assists Na+/K+ ATPase function
73
[hormone] causes Na+ [secretion or reabsorption] and K+ [secretion or reabsorption]
Aldosterone causes Na+ reabsoprtion and K+ secretion
74
The sensor that regulates secretion of aldosterone is [enzyme]; it allows angiotensin II to act on the adrenal [medulla or cortex] to control the secretion of aldosterone
The sensor that regulates secretion of aldosterone is renin; it allows angiotensin II to act on the adrenal cortex to control the secretion of aldosterone
75
Renin is produced by the [organ] and secreted by [cell type] cells. It is the sensor for [high or low] NaCl concentration in the blood It converts angiotensiongen to [protein]
Renin is produced by the kidneys and secreted by Juxtaglomerular cells. It is the sensor for low NaCl concentration in the blood It converts angiotensiongen to angiotensin I
76
ACE converts angiotensin I to [protein] [protein] acts on the adrenal cortex to release [hormone]
ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II angiotensin II acts on the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
77
ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to [protein] This [increases or decreases] blood pressure because Na+ will not be able to be [excreted or reabsorbed]
ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II This decreases blood pressure because Na+ will not be able to be reabsorbed
78
Aldosterone causes [decreased or increased] Na+ reabsorption and [decreased or increased] Na+ excretion
Aldosterone causes increased Na+ reabsorption and decreased Na+ excretion
79
The renin-angiotensin mechanism for renin → aldosterone secretion is initated by juxtaglomerular cells in response to: 1. Sympathetic stimulation of [intra or extra]renal baroreceptors due to [increased or decreased] stretch 2. [intra or extra]renal baroreceptors (juxtaglomerular cells cells) located on the walls of the [efferent or afferent] arterioles 3. A decrease of [...] sensed by [chemoreceptors] cells indicates a decrease in [substance] concentration All of these factors cause renin secretion from the [cell type]
The renin-angiotensin mechanism for renin → aldosterone secretion is initated by juxtaglomerular cells in response to: 1. Sympathetic stimulation of extrarenal baroreceptors due to decreased stretch 2. Intrarenal baroreceptors (juxtaglomerular cells cells) located on the walls of the afferent arterioles 3. A decrease of glomerular filtration rate sensed by macula densa cells indicates a decrease in NaCl concentration All of these factors cause renin secretion from the juxtaglomerular cells
80
Juxtaglomerular cells are [chemoreceptors or mechanoreceptors] that sense [NaCl concentration or stretch] Macula densa are [chemoreceptors or mechanoreceptors] that sense [NaCl concentration or stretch] in the distal tubule
Juxtaglomerular cells are mechanoreceptors that sense stretch Macula densa are chemoreceptors that sense NaCl concentration in the distal tubule
81
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) - Peptide hormone - Synthesized and secreted by the [...] - Regulates high levels of [ion] - Senses increased stretch of atria (true sensor) - Affects many tubule component(s) Response is to: 1. Increase [...] 2. Increase Na+ [reabsoprtion or excretion] 3. Inhibit aldosterone actions
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) - Peptide hormone - Synthesized and secreted by the cardiac atria - Regulates high levels of Na+ - Senses increased stretch of atria (true sensor) - Affects many tubule component(s) Response is to: 1. Increase glomerular filtration rate 2. Increase Na+ excretion 3. Inhibit aldosterone actions
82
K+ excreted = K+ [...] - K+ [...] + K+ [...]
K+ excreted = K+ filtered - K+ reabsorbed + K+ secreted
83
If the extracellular potassium levels [increase or decrease], it must be excreted out into the urine to bring levels back to normal
If the extracellular potassium levels increase, it must be excreted out into the urine to bring levels back to normal
84
Potassium is mostly reabsorbed in the [nephron component] and the [nephron component]
Potassium is mostly reabsorbed in the proximal tubule and the loop of Henle
85
Potassium is mostly secreted in the [nephron component]
Potassium is mostly secreted in the collecting duct
86
K+ urine concentration is regulated in the cortical [nephron component]
K+ urine concentration is regulated in the cortical collecting ducts
87
Aldosterone secretion is directly sensitive to the extracellular [Na+ or K+] levels Aldosterone secretion is not directly sensitive to the extracellular [Na+ or K+] levels
Aldosterone secretion is directly sensitive to the extracellular K+ levels Aldosterone secretion is not directly sensitive to the extracellular Na+ levels
88
Aldosterone acts on [cortical or medullary] [nephron component] to increase [reabsorption or secretion] of K+ into the urine in response to a high extracellular K+ concentration
Aldosterone acts on cortical collecting ducts to increase secretion of K+ into the urine in response to a high extracellular K+ concentration
89

Renal (7 decks)

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