L1: Examination of Newborn Flashcards by Ahmed Farag

Q

Def of Newborn

A

Newborn or neonate refers to an infant in the first 28 days after birth.

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Q

Classification of Newborn

A

According to maturity
According to birth weight
According to birth weight & maturity

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Q

Classification of Newborn

According to Maturity

A

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Q

Classification of Newborn

According to birth weight

A

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Q

Classification of Newborn

According to maturity & Birth weight

A

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Q

Examination of Newborn

Time

A

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Q

Examination of Newborn

Value

A

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Q

Examination of Newborn

Requirements

A

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Q

Examination of Newborn includes …..

A

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Q

Examination of Newborn

Aspects of Physical Examination

A

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

Weight

A

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

Length

A

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

Head Circumference

A

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

Skin & MM

A

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

Vernix Caseosa

A

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

Lanugo Hair

A

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

Slate Grey Patches
(Mongolian spots)

A

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

Milia

A

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

Normal Peeling

A

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

Erythema Toxicum

A

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosi

A

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

Mottling

A

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

Pallor

A

Due to blood loss, hemolysis, asphyxia, shock or edema.

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Q

Physical Examination of Newborn

jaundice

A

Indicates hemolysis.

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**Physical Examination of Newborn** - Cyanosis

Centrale Cyanosis: as in asphyxia & CHD. Peripheral cyanosis: is normal for 24h after birth.

**Physical Examination of Newborn** - Plethora

Indicates polycythemia (as in IDM)

**Physical Examination of Newborn** - Head

- Cephalhematoma - Subgaleal Hemorrhage - Fontanelles - Nose

Def of **Cephalhematoma**

It's a collection of the blood under periosteum of skull bone

Characters of **Cephalhematoma**

Complications of **Cephalhematoma**

Def of **Subgaleal hemorrhage**

It's a collection of the blood Under the aponeurosis of the scalp.

Characters of **Subgaleal hemorrhage**

It Cross suture lines.

PE of **Newborn** - Pictures

From Alpha

Causes of Large anterior fontanelle

Hypothyroidism, osteogenesis imperfecta, hydrocephalus

causes of Small anterior fontanelle

Microcephaly and Craniostenosis

Causes of Bulging anterior fontanelle

Meningitis and hydrocephalus

Causes of Depressed anterior fontanelle

Dehydration

Causes of Large Posterior fontanelle

Hypothyroidism

Physical Examination of Newborn - Nose

- Look for patency of each nostril by cotton swap. - Flaring of nostril in respiratory distress.

Physical Examination of Newborn - Neck

Physical Examination of Newborn - Sternomastoid Tumor

Physical Examination of Newborn - CVS

Physical Examination of Newborn - Heart & vascular System (acrocyanosis)

Physical Examination of Newborn - RESP

Physical Examination of Newborn - Grades of Respiratory Distress

Physical Examination of Newborn - Chest & Lung

Physical Examination of Newborn - Neonatal mastitis

Physical Examination of Newborn - Prominent Xyphoid

Physical Examination of Newborn - Apnea

Physical Examination of Newborn - Abdomen

Physical Examination of Newborn - Gastrochisis

Physical Examination of Newborn - Back

Physical Examination of Newborn - Vitals

Physical Examination of Newborn - Temperature

Physical Examination of Newborn - BP

Physical Examination of Newborn - CRT

Physical Examination of Newborn - Congenital Anomalies & Dysmorphic Features

Physical Examination of Newborn - A nasogastric tube is passed from the nose to the stomach to exclude .....

- Choanal atresia - Esophageal atresia.

Physical Examination of Newborn - Genital System

Physical Examination of Newborn - Urine

Physical Examination of Newborn - Meconium

Physical Examination of Newborn - APGAR Score

APGAR Score for PE of Newborn - Appearence

APGAR Score for PE of Newborn - Pulse

APGAR Score for PE of Newborn - Grimace

APGAR Score for PE of Newborn - Activity

APGAR Score for PE of Newborn - Respiration

Notes of APGAR Score - Significance - Values - Time - Reliable?

Physical Examination of newborn - Estimation of GA

Def of **Neonatal reflexes**

They are primitive reflexes developed during intrauterine life and presented

Significance of **Neonatal reflexes**

Absence of these primitive reflexes ----> sign of CNS depression.

Examples of **Neonatal reflexes**

- Suckling reflex - Rooting Reflex - Placing reflex - Stepping reflex - Grasp reflex - Tonic neck reflex - Moro Reflex

**Suckling Reflex** - Procedure - Response - Appearence - Disappearence

**Rooting Reflex** - Procedure - Response - Appearence - Disappearence

**Placing reflex** - Procedure - Response - Appearence - Disappearence

Stepping Reflex - Procedure - Response - Appearence - Disappearence

**Grasp reflex** - Procedure - Response - Appearence - Disappearence

Tonic-Neck Reflex - Procedure - Response - Appearence - Disappearence

Moro Reflex - Procedure - Response - Appearence - Disappearence

Causes of Bilateral Absent Moro Reflex

Causes of Unilateral Absent Moro Reflex

Causes of Persistent Moro Reflex beyond 6th month

Appearence & disappearence of neonatal reflexes

Compare between Full term & Preterm neonates