L16: Thermoregulation

Question 1

Thermoregulation

• The newborn baby is at risk of ……..
• This is due to ……
• This Can Lead to …….

Answer 1

• either hypo or hyperthermia
• defective heat regulatory mechanisms

Question 2

Normal temperature of the newborn is …..

Answer 2

36.5° C - 37.5 °C

Question 3

Thermoregulation is a balance between ……

Answer 3

heat loss and heat gain

Question 4

Methods of heat loss

Answer 4

Question 5

Def of Hypothermia

Answer 5

Body temperature < 36.5°C

Question 6

Def of Hyperthermia

Answer 6

Body temperature > 37.5°C

Question 7

Def of Neutral Thermal Environment

Answer 7

• The environmental conditions under which the core body temperature is normal with minimal caloric expenditure and oxygen consumption

Question 8

Temperature Assesment

• Methods

Answer 8

• Axillary
• Rectal
• Oral

Question 9

Temperature Assesment

• Axillary

Answer 9

Question 10

Axillary Measurement of Temperature

• Technique

Answer 10

• Put thermometer high in the middle of the axilla.
• The arm is held gently but firmly at the baby’s side for approximately 5 minutes

Question 11

Axillary Measurement of Temperature

• Advantages

Answer 11

• Minimal risk
• Maintained hygiene
• Easy assessment

Question 12

Rectal Measurement of Temperature

• Disadvanatges

Answer 12

• It is an invasive procedure
• It is not always reliable

Question 13

Def of Hypothermia

Answer 13

Question 14

Etiology of Hypothermia

Answer 14

Question 15

CP of Hypothermia

Answer 15

Question 16

CP of Hypothermia

• Early Signs (Cold Stress)

Answer 16

Question 17

CP of Hypothermia

• As Hypothermia Persists

Answer 17

Question 18

Def of Cold Stress

Answer 18

• When the initial signs of exposure to cold environment happen in the baby before actual drop of his body temperature

Question 19

Complications of Hypothermia

Answer 19

Question 20

Prevention of Hypothermia

Answer 20

• In the delivery room
• Incubator

Question 21

Prevention of Hypothermia

• In The Delivery Room

Answer 21

Question 22

Prevention of Hypothermia

• Incubator

Answer 22

Its temperature is set according to the baby’s gestational age & weight (32 - 36 °C)

Question 23

Management of Hypothermia

Question 24

Management of Hypothermia

• Mild

Answer 24

• The baby can be rewarmed by skin to skin contact, in a warm room (at least 25°C)

Question 25

Management of **Hypothermia** - Moderate

Answer 25

Question 26

Management of **Hypothermia** - Severe

Answer 26

Question 27

Management of **Severe Hypothermia** - Fast Rewarming

Answer 27

- Fast rewarming over a few hours is preferable to slow rewarming over several days

Question 28

Management of **Severe Hypothermia** - If none of the above mentioned equipment

Answer 28

If none of the above mentioned equipment is available: - Skin-to-skin contact or warm room or cot can be used

Question 29

Management of **Severe Hypothermia** - In each state of hypothermia feeding should continue to:

Answer 29

In each state of hypothermia feeding should continue to: - Provide calories and fluid - Prevent a drop in blood glucose level which is a common problem in hypothermic infants

Question 30

Management of **Severe Hypothermia** - If this is not possible:

Answer 30

- Monitoring blood glucose becomes important - An IV line should be set up to administer glucose if needed

Question 31

Def of **Hyperthermia**

Answer 31

Body temperature > 37.5°C

Question 32

Etiology of **Hyperthermia**

Answer 32

Question 33

CP of **Hyperthermia**

Answer 33

Question 34

Management of **Hyperthermia**

Answer 34

Question 35

Management of **Hyperthermia** - If the baby is in an incubator

Answer 35

lower air temperature

Question 36

Management of **Hyperthermia** - Second Step

Answer 36

The baby - moved away from the source of heate - Undressed partially or totally if necessary

Question 37

Management of **Hyperthermia** - If body temperature > 40°C

Answer 37

- The water should be warm - It should be 2°C lower than the baby's body temperature

Question 38

Management of **Hyperthermia** - Frequent breastfeeding

Answer 38

Frequent breastfeeding › to replace fluids «If not possible fluids (IV or by tube)

Question 39

Management of **Hyperthermia** - Examine for Infection

Answer 39

....

Question 40

Management of **Hyperthermia** - Using cooler or cold water is dangerous

Answer 40

- It may not achieve the desired effect - Cooling may be very quick, and the baby becomes hypothermic

Question 41

Complications of **Hyperthermia**

Answer 41

* Dehydration * Intracranial hemorrhage * Heat stroke * Death