L7: SGA

Question 1

Def of SGA

Answer 1

Question 2

Etiology of SGA

Question 3

Etiology of SGA

• Maternal

Answer 3

• Maternal malnutrition (especially late in pregnancy)
• Pre-eclamptic toxemia (PET)
• Chronic maternal disease
• Heavy cigarette smoking

Question 4

Etiology of SGA

• Fetal

Answer 4

• Chromosomal & congenital anomalies
• Congenital infections
• Metabolic disorders (e.g. Galactosemia)

Question 5

Etiology of SGA

• Placental

Answer 5

Question 6

Classification of SGA

Answer 6

Question 7

Pathophysiology of SGA

Answer 7

Question 8

Def of Constitutionally small infant

Answer 8

Question 9

CP of SGA

Answer 9

The infant appears malnourished at birth

Question 10

Complications of SGA

Answer 10

Question 11

Complications of SGA (Perinatal Asphyxia)

• Causes

Answer 11

Due ta placental insufficiency)

Question 12

Complications of SGA (Perinatal Asphyxia)

• Pathophysiology

Answer 12

Question 13

Complications of SGA (Perinatal Asphyxia)

• Results

Answer 13

May result in intrauterine fetal death

Question 14

Complications of SGA (MAS)

• Pathophysiology

Answer 14

Fetal distress results in passage of meconium into amniotic fluid

Question 15

Complications of SGA (Hypothermia)

• Etiology

Answer 15

Question 16

Complications of SGA (Hypothermia)

• Prevention

Answer 16

Warming in incubator or nursed in a warm environment

Question 17

Complications of SGA (Hypoglycemia)

Answer 17

Question 18

Complications of SGA (Hypoglycemia)

• Etiology

Answer 18

• Depletion of glycogen stores in the liver by effect of intrauterine distress
• The risk increases with increasing severity of growth restriction

Question 19

Complications of SGA (Hypoglycemia)

• Management

Answer 19

Question 20

Complications of SGA (Hypocalcemia)

Answer 20

Question 21

Complications of SGA (Hypocalcemia)

• Def

Answer 21

Serum calcium is <7mg/dl

Question 22

Complications of SGA (Hypocalcemia)

• CP

Answer 22

Usually asymptomatic but there may be jitteriness or even convulsions

Question 23

Complications of SGA (Hypocalcemia)

• TTT

Answer 23

Question 24

Polycythemia in SGA

Question 25

Polycythemia in **SGA** - def

Answer 25

Venous hematocrit value > 65%

Question 26

Polycythemia in **SGA** - Etiology

Answer 26

Increased erythropoietin production resulting front fetal hypoxia

Question 27

Polycythemia in **SGA** - Complications

Answer 27

- The increased red cell mass may lead to increased blood viscosity which interferes with vital tissue perfusion

Question 28

Polycythemia in **SGA** - TTT

Answer 28

**Partial** exchange transfusion

Question 29

Management of **SGA**

Answer 29