L6: LBW & Prematurity Flashcards by Ahmed Farag

Q

Def of LBW

A

Babies whose birth weights are & 2.5 kg
These infants are at increased risk of problems and may need more than primary care

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Q

Incidence of LBW

A

Nearly 8% of newborns

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Q

Classification of LBW

A

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Q

Def of Preterm Infant

A

Infant whose gestational age < 37 weeks

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Q

Incidence of Preterm Infant

A

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Q

Etiology of Prematurity

A

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Q

Etiology of Prematurity

Socioeconomic Factors

A

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Q

Etiology of Prematurity

Matrenal Factors

A

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Q

Etiology of Prematurity

Pregnancy Complications

A

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Q

Etiology of Prematurity

Fetal Factors

A

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Q

CP of Prematurity

A

The preterm baby tends to lose 10% of his birth weight in the first few days after

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Q

Complications of Prematurity

A

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Q

Complications of Prematurity

Respiratory

A

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Q

Respiratory Complications of Prematurity

A

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Q

Respiratory Complications of Prematurity

Intro

A

There is difficulty in establishing & maintaining respiration due to immaturity of respiratory control mechanisms leading to:
- Apnea
- Respiratory distress syndrome
- Pneumonia, pneumothorax, atelectasis

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Q

Respiratory Complications of Prematurity

Definition of Apnea

A

Cessation of respiration —> 20 seconds associated with cyanosis and/or bradycardia

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Q

Respiratory Complications of Prematurity

Etiology of Apnea

A

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Q

Respiratory Complications of Prematurity

Managment of Apnea

A

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Q

CVS Complications of Prematurity

A

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Q

CVS Complications of Prematurity

Causes of Hypotension

A

It’s due to
- poor vasomotor center (VMC)
- cardiac dysfunction “LSV”

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Q

CVS Complications of Prematurity

PDA

A

It is a left to right shunt.
It occurs 24 - 72 hours a er birth in very premature babies.
Heart failure may occur

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Q

CVS Complications of Prematurity

Characters of PDA

A

Hyperactive precordium.
Systolic or machinery murmur in the 2nd left space.

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Q

CVS Complications of Prematurity

TTT of PDA

A

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Q

CVS Complications of Prematurity

Etiology of Hemorrhage

A

Vitamin K deficiency
Hypoprothrombinemia

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CVS Complications of **Prematurity** - Prevention of Hemorrhage

Vitamin K (1 mg) → may be given prophylactically at birth

Hyperbilirubinemia Complications of **Prematurity** - Etiology

Hepatic immaturity leading to increased incidence of jaundice

Hyperbilirubinemia Complications of **Prematurity** - Complications - Def of Kernicterus

- Kernicterus (deposition of bilirubin in basal ganglia) may occur at a lower level of bilirubin than full term babies leading to neurologic sequelae

Hyperbilirubinemia Complications of **Prematurity** - Prevention & TTT

- Phototherapy: is initiated early at a lower bilirubin level (5 - 10 mg/di) - Exchange transfusion should be done if bilirubin reaches 15 - 20 mg/di.

Hypothermia Complications of **Prematurity**

Hypothermia Complications of **Prematurity** - Etiology

Hypothermia Complications of **Prematurity** - Effect - CP

Hypothermia Complications of **Prematurity** - Prevention

Retinpathy of Pregnancy

Incidence of **Retinopathy of Pregnancy**

Etiology of **Retinopathy of Pregnancy**

Complications of **Retinopathy of Pregnancy**

Prevention of **Retinopathy of Pregnancy**

Pathology of **Retinopathy of Pregnancy**

Screening for **Retinopathy of Pregnancy**

TTT of **Retinopathy of Pregnancy**

Metabolic Complications of **Prematurity**

Metabolic Complications of **Prematurity** - Hypoglycemia

Metabolic Complications of **Prematurity** - Hypocalcemia

Metabolic Complications of **Prematurity** - Metabolic Acidosis

CNS Complications of **Prematurity**

CNS Complications of **Prematurity** - HIE

CNS Complications of **Prematurity** - ICH

ICH in **Prematurity** - Incidence

ICH in **Prematurity** - etiology

ICH in **Prematurity** - Site

ICH in **Prematurity** - CP

ICH in **Prematurity** - INVx

ICH in **Prematurity** - TTT

GIT Complications in **Prematurity**

GIT Complications in **Prematurity** - Poor Motility

GIT Complications in **Prematurity** - NEC

NEC in **Prematurity** - CP

NEC in **Prematurity** - Complications

Late Anemia & Rickets - Causes Prevention & TTT

Def of **Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia**

Characters of **Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia**

Prevention of **Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia**

TTT of **Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia**

Infections in **Prematurity**

Infections in **Prematurity** - Causes of Susceptibility

Infections in **Prematurity** - Common Infections

Infections in **Prematurity** - Common Organisms

Infections in **Prematurity** - CP

Infections in **Prematurity** - TTT

Long Term Complications in **Prematurity**

Managment of **Preterm infants**

Managment of **Preterm infants** - In Delivery Room

Managment of **Preterm infants** - Overall Managment

Overall Managment of **Preterm Infants** - Monitoring

Overall Managment of **Preterm Infants** - Oxygen Therapy

Overall Managment of **Preterm Infants** - Body Temperature

Overall Managment of **Preterm Infants** - Prevention of Infections

Overall Managment of **Preterm Infants** - Suitable Nutrition

Nutrition for **Preterm**

Nutrition for **Preterm** - Why is it difficult?

Nutrition for **Preterm** - Initiatin of Feeding

Nutrition for **Preterm** - Method of Feeding

Nutrition for **Preterm** - type of Milk

Nutrition for **Preterm** - Quantity & frequency of Feeding

Nutrition for **Preterm** - Additional Nutrients

Overall Managment of **Preterm Infants** - Prevention of Hypoglycemia

Overall Managment of **Preterm Infants** - Provisoon of Fluids & Electrolytes

Overall Managment of **Preterm Infants** - TPN