L1 - intro to the human brain

Question 1

role of afferent / sensory neurones

Answer 1

carry information from receptors to CNS

Question 2

role of efferent / motor neurones

Answer 2

carry information from CNA to peripheral effectors

Question 3

interneurons

Answer 3

link afferent neurons to efferent neurones with CNS

- important in reflex arches

Question 4

dendrites

Answer 4

receives action potention

Question 5

axon

Answer 5

conducts action potential

Question 6

cell body

Answer 6

processes and integrates action potential before sending it along the axon

Question 7

myelin sheath

Answer 7

insulator substance allowing for faster conduction

Question 8

relationship between size of axon and speed of current

Answer 8

the size of the axon is proportional to how fast the action potential is conducted

Question 9

squid axon

Answer 9

very big

conducts electricity very fast

Question 10

rabbit nerve

Answer 10

very small

requires myelination for faster conduction

Question 11

which type of nerve requires myelination

Answer 11

rabbit nerve

Question 12

types of neuron

Answer 12

bipolar
pseudo-unipolar
multipolar

Question 13

bipolar neuron

Answer 13

2 projections arising from the cell body

- axon and dendrites

Question 14

where are bipolar neurones found

Answer 14

organs which deal with special senses

Question 15

multipolar neuron

Answer 15

multiple projections from the cell body

Question 16

which is the most numerous type of neuron

Answer 16

multipolar neuron

Question 17

pseudo-unipolar neuron

Answer 17

only one projection from the cell body

- immediately after this however, this projection splits into 2

Question 18

advantages of a pseudo-unipolar neuron

Answer 18

allows information to bypass the cell body (directly from dendrites to axon)

Question 19

somatic

Answer 19

voluntary actions

Question 20

autonomic

Answer 20

involuntary actions

Question 21

sympathetic

Answer 21

fight or flight

Question 22

parasympathetic

Answer 22

rest and digest

Question 23

sub-divisions of the CNS

Answer 23

• cerebrum
• brainstem
• cerebellum
• spinal cord

Question 24

what is the corpus callosum

Answer 24

connects the 2 hemispheres

Question 25

divisions of the cerebrum

Answer 25

inner and outer brain

Question 26

outer brain

Answer 26

telencephalon / cerebral hemisphere

Question 27

inner brain

Answer 27

diencephalon

Question 28

brainstem

Answer 28

midbrain pons medulla oblongata

Question 29

where is the cerebellum located

Answer 29

posterior to the brainstem

Question 30

what does the corpus callous consist of

Answer 30

white matter

Question 31

white matter

Answer 31

a collection of axons

Question 32

what marks the surface of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 32

gyri and sulci

Question 33

gryi

Answer 33

ridges

Question 34

sulci

Answer 34

grooves

Question 35

what makes up the cerebral cortex

Answer 35

grey matter

Question 36

grey matter

Answer 36

a collection of cell bodies

Question 37

what are the cerebral hemispheres separated by

Answer 37

longitudinal fissure

Question 38

lissencephaly

Answer 38

smooth brain | - a lack of gyri and sulci

Question 39

clinical presentations of lissencephaly

Answer 39

- psychomotor retardation - muscle spazms - difficulty swallowing - deformed hands, fingers or toes - unusual facial appearance - failure to thrive

Question 40

names of gyri

Answer 40

pre-central and post-central gyri

Question 41

functions of the pre-central gyrus

Answer 41

motor cortex (initiate motor control)

Question 42

which lobe is the pre-central gryus part of

Answer 42

frontal

Question 43

functions of the post-central gyrus

Answer 43

sensory cortex (receive sensory innervation)

Question 44

which lobe is the post-central gryus part of

Answer 44

parietal lobe

Question 45

which gyrus is located in the frontal lobe

Answer 45

pre-central gyrus

Question 46

which gyrus is located in the parietal lobe

Answer 46

post-central gyrus

Question 47

structures within the diencephalon

Answer 47

thalamus | hypothalamus