L7: cranial nerves Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
which cranial nerves emerge from the midbrain
A
3 and 4
2
Q
which cranial nerves emerge from the pons
A
5,6,7,8
3
Q
which cranial nerves emerge from the medulla
A
9,10,11,12
4
Q
where does the optic nerve develop
A
diencephalon
5
Q
where in the brainstem are sensory nuclei located
A
lateral
6
Q
where in the brainstem are motor nuclei located
A
medial
7
Q
location of cranial nuclei
A
tegmentum of the brainstem
8
Q
visceral sensory functions
A
manages the state of the internal glands
9
Q
parasympathetic motor functions
A
secretion from glands
10
Q
origin of olfactory nerve
A
caudal surface of the olfactory bulb and crosses the cribriform plate from one part of the crista galli to the other, in order to reach the olfactory region of the nasal cavity
11
Q
foramina of olfactory nerve
A
cribriform plate
12
Q
function of olfactory nerve
A
olfaction
13
Q
test for olfactory nerve
A
offer a familiar smelling item such as an orange
14
Q
origin or optic nerve
A
retina
15
Q
optic tracts
A
carry visual information to thalamus which relays information to primary cortex
16
Q
foramina of optic nerve
A
optic canal
17
Q
function of optic nerve
A
vision
18
Q
test for optic nerve
A
- fundoscopy
- letter charts
- colour vision
- visual field test
19
Q
fundoscopy
A
looking at the back of the retina with a light
20
Q
origin or oculomotor nerve
A
pontomesencephalic junction
21
Q
foramina of oculomotor nerve
A
superior orbital fissure
22
Q
function of oculomotor nerve
A
- somatic motor for extra ocular muscles
- visceral motor to ciliary muscles and splinter pupillae
23
Q
test for oculomotor nerve
A
H test
24
Q
origin of trochlear nerve
A
dorsal side of midbrain
25
foramina of trochlear nerve
superior orbital fissure
26
function of trochlear nerve
somatic motor superior oblique
27
test for trochlear nerve
H test
28
origin of abducens nerve
pontomedullary junction
29
test for abducens nerve
H test
30
function of abducens nerve
somatic motor for lateral rectus
31
CN1
olfactory
32
CN2
optic
33
CN3
oculomotor
34
CN4
trochlear
35
CN5
trigeminal
36
CN6
abducens
37
CN7
facial
38
CN8
vestibulocochlear
39
CN9
glossopharyngeal
40
CN10
vagus
41
CN11
accessory
42
CN12
hypoglossal
43
foramen of abducens nerve
superior orbital fissure
44
what is oribicularis oculi innervated by
CN7
45
what is the superior tarsal muscle innervated by
sympathetic system
46
what is levator palpebral superiors innervated by
CN3
47
what are dilators of the eyelid innervated by
sympathetic system
48
role of ciliary muscle
changes shape of lens
49
divisions of trigeminal nerve
```
v1 = opthalmic
v2 = maxillary
v3 = mandibular
```
50
origin of trigeminal nerve
lateral to the midline of the pons
51
foramina of V1
superior orbital fissure
52
foramina of V2
foramen rotundum
53
foramina of V3
foramen ovale
54
function of V1
somatic sensation from forehead
55
function of V2
somatic sensation from middle face (between eye and mouth)
56
function of V3
- somatic sensation from lower face, mandible and anterior 2/3 of tongue
- brachial motor for muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric muscle, tensor tympani
57
tensor tympani
tenses tympanic membrane over auditory canal to protect the ear from loud noises
58
test for v1
cotton wool on forehead
59
test for v2
cotton ooo on cheek
60
test for v3
- cotton wool on jaw
- feel muscle mass
- jaw-jerk fexled
61
autonomic ganglia of the head and neck
ciliary
pterygopalatine
submandibular
otic
62
location of facial nerve
cerebellopontine angle
63
foramina of facial nerve
- enters internal acoustic canal
| - leaves via stylomastoid foramen
64
function of facial nerve - brachial motor
muscles of facial expression and posterior belly of digastric muscle for swallowing
65
function of facial nerve - special sensory
taste to anterior 2/3 tongue
66
function of facial nerve - somatic sensory
skin of ear
67
function of facial nerve - visceral motor / parasympathetic
all glands except parotid
68
function of facial nerve - brachial supply
stapedius muscle
- tenses when we hear loud noises
- stabilise bones in ear
69
test for facial nerve
- facial movements
- taste
- salivation
70
branches of facial nerve
```
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cerebral
```
71
origin of vestibulocochlear nerve
cerebellopontine angle
72
foramina of vestibulocochlear nerve
internal acoustic canal
73
function of vestibulocochlear nerve
special sensory for hearing and balance
74
test for vestibulocochlear nerve
Rinne's and Weber's test
75
location of glossopharyngeal nerve
postero-lateral sulcus of medulla
76
foramina pf glossopharyngeal nerve
jugular foramen
77
function of glossopharyngeal nerve - brachial motor
swallowing (pharynx)
78
function of glossopharyngeal nerve - special sensory
taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
79
innervation of taste on tongue
posterior 1/3 = glossopharyngeal nerve
| anterior 2/3 = facial
80
function of glossopharyngeal nerve - somatic sensory
- middle eat
- pharynx
- posterior 1/3 tongue
81
function of glossopharyngeal nerve - visceral motor
parotid gland
82
innervation of parotid gland
glossopharyngeal nerve
83
function of glossopharyngeal nerve - visceral sensation
from carotid body and carotid sinus monitoring oxygen and blood pressure
84
test for glossopharyngeal nerve
gag reflex by stimulating the pharynx
85
location of vagus nerve
posterolateral sulcus on medulla
86
foramina of vagus nerve
jugular foramen
87
function of vagus nerve - brachial motor
muscles of pharynx, larynx and soft palate and digestive organs
88
function of vagus nerve - special sensory
taste from epiglottis and palate
89
function of vagus nerve - somatic sensory
from epiglottis and skin of external ear
90
function of vagus nerve - visceral motor (parasympathetic)
to thoracic and GI tract
91
test for vagus nerve
- speaking
| - movement of uvula
92
origin of accessory nerve
posterolateral sulcus on caudal medulla
93
foramina of accessory nerve
jugular foramen
94
function of accessory nerve
innervate SCM and trapezius
95
test for accessory nerve
shrug shoulder and rotate head against resistance
96
origin of hypoglossal nerve
anterolateral sulcus on medulla
97
foramina of hypoglossal nerve
hypoglossal canal
98
function of hypoglossal nerve
somatic motor to muscles of tongue
99
test for hypoglossal nerve
protrude tongue
100
cranial nerves which are sensory only
1
2
8
101
cranial nerves which are motor only
```
3
4
6
11
12
```
102
cranial nerves which are sensory and motor
5
7
9
10
103
mnemonic for cranial nerve types
some says money matters but by brother says big books matter most
104
spinal contributions of CN11
- neurones in grey matter between C1-5 give rise to spinal roots which contribute to accessory nerve
- Ascend to the skull enter using the foramen magnum and joined with a cranial route, forming the accessory nerve
- eventually leave via the jugular foramen and innervate trapezius and SCM muscle
105
if right hypoglossal nerve is damaged, which way does the tongue deviate to?
right as left nerve dominates and nothing to oppose it
106
how do true olfactory nerves enter the cranial cavity?
- Originate from the nasal mucosa before synapsing with olfactory bulbs and entering the olfactory tract
- Enter the cranial cavity by passing through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
107
loss of smell
anosmia
108
where are the cell bodies of the trigeminal sensory fibres located?
trigeminal ganglion
109
area of skin supplied by v1
forehead
110
area of skin supplied by v2
maxillar region
111
area of skin supplied by v3
mandibular region
112
which nerves are associated with the corneal reflex (blink)
trigeminal
| facial
113
which nerves are associated with the jaw-jerk reflex
trigeminal
114
trigeminal nerualgia
chronic pain condition due to blood vessels pressing on the root of the trigeminal nerve
115
how to test pterygoids
move jaw from side to side with resistance
116
how to test master and temporalis
jaw-jerk feflex
117
where are the cell bodies of the sensory fibres running in the facial nerve located
geniculate ganglion
118
belly palsy
temporary weakness or paralysis in the muscles of the face
119
facial nerve fibres running in the greater petrosal nerve
a branch of the nerves intermedium that carries parasympathetic taste, and sensory fibres of the facial nerve
120
how to differentiate between a stroke and Bell's palsy
```
CNA = stroke
PNS = bell's palsy
```
121
hyperacusis
a condition that affects how you perceive sounds
| - heightened sensitivity for particular sounds
122
cause of hyperacusis
facial nerve lesion
123
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
124
dysphonia
disordered sound at sound at larynx-hoarseness
125
dysarthria
muscles use for speech are damagaed
126
cause of dysphagia
damage to facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus and hypoglossal nerve
127
cause of dysphonia
damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve
128
cause of dysarthria
damage to trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal nerve
129
pterygopalatine ganglia
receives parasympathetic fibres from facial nerve and supplies the lacrimal and palatine glands and the mucosa of the nasal cavity
130
otic ganglia
receives parasympathetic fibres from glossopharyngeal and supplies parotid gland
131
submandibular ganglia
receives parasympathetic fibres from facial nerve and supplies submandibular and sublingual glands
132
ciliary ganglia
receives parasympathetic fibres from oculomotor nerve and supplies ciliary / sphincter papillae muscle
133
possible causes of oculomotor nerve damage
- pressure on nerve (aneurysm / hernia)
| - inadequate flow to nerve (diabetes / hypertension)
