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L13 - ascending pathways Flashcards

1
Q

dermatome

A

A specific region of skin of the body innervated by the sensory fibres of a single segmental spinal nerve

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2
Q

general sensory pathways

A

Carry information of different types or modalities from: Skin, mucus membranes, joints and muscles to the brain

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3
Q

modalities

A 
pain
temperature
touch, pressure
proprioception
vibration
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4
Q

dorsal columns

A

ascending:

fine touch
vibration
pressure
joint position sense

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5
Q

components of DCML pathway

A

gracile fascicles above T6

cuneate fascicles if below T6

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6
Q

DCML

A

dorsal column medial lemniscus

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7
Q

ventral corticospinal tract

A

descending fibres

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8
Q

lateral coricospical tract

A

descending motor neurones - autonomic

- mainly sympathetic

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9
Q

spinothalamic tract

A

ascending

crude touch
pain
temperature

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10
Q

how many neurones in sensory pathway

A

3

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11
Q

first order sensory neurones

A

from PNS to CNS

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12
Q

what type of neurones are first order sensory neurones

A

pseudounipolar

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13
Q

location of first order sensory neurones

A

dorsal root ganglion

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14
Q

location of second order neurones

A

CNS ipsilateral grey mater

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15
Q

where do second order sensory neurones terminate

A

VPL nucleus of thalamus

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16
Q

location of third order sensory neurones

A

in the thalamus

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17
Q

where do third order sensory neurones terminate

A

primary somato-sensory cortex

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18
Q

first synapse of spinothalamic pathway

A

at the dorsal cord

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19
Q

route of second order neurone in spinothalamic pathway

A
  • sends axon and crossing over occurs at the ventral white commissure
  • travels contra laterally to entrance
  • reach VLP of thalamus
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20
Q

second synapse of spinothalamic pathway

A

thalamus

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21
Q

route of third order neurone in spinothalamic pathway

A

from thalamus to primary somato-sensory cortex

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22
Q

lamina

A

where there are synapses from the spinothalamic tract

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23
Q

spinal lemniscus

A

spinothalamic tract as soon as it leaves the medulla

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24
Q

DCML amove T6

A

cuneate fascicle

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25
DCML below T6
gracile fascile
26
medial dorsal column
gracile
27
lateral dorsal column
cuneate
28
first order neurone in DCML
enters at dorsal aspect of cord and ascends ipsilaterally, jumping out to the fascicles
29
dorsal column medial lemniscus
discriminative touch, vibration, proprioception, pressure
30
first synapse of DCML
closed medulla | - cuneate / gracile nucleus
31
route of second order neurones of DCML
- send axons to cross the midline at the level of the medulla - travel in medial meniscus to enter the thalamus on the contralateral side
32
where do axons cross the midline in the spinothalamic pathway
dorsal cord
33
where do axons cross the midline in DCML
closed medulla
34
medial lemniscus
ascending white matter fibres
35
arcuate fibres
2nd order fibres which arch out the cuneate / gracile nucleus to reach the medial lemniscus
36
second synapse of DCML
thalamus and axons travel to primary sensory cortex
37
which ascending pathway travels contralaterally
spinothalamic
38
which ascending pathway travels ipsilaterally
dorsal column medial lemniscus
39
in which region of the cerebral cortex does the spinothalamic and DCML pathway terminate
primary sensory / post-central gyrus
40
internal capsule
bundle of white matter fibres between brain and CNS which connects the brain to lower centres
41
what type of fibres are located in the internal capsule
projection | ascending and descending
42
how to ascending fibres reach the brain
travel within the internal capsule, specifically in the posterior limb
43
location of posterior limb of internal capsule
between thalamus and lentiform nuclei
44
which cranial nerves carry general somatic sensation to the head
CN5 - trigeminal CN7 - facial CN9 - glossopharyngeal CN10 - vagus
45
somatic sensation from CN5
face nose scalp dura
46
somatic sensation from CN7
external ear
47
somatic sensation from CN9
post 1/3 tongue pharynx middle ear
48
somatic sensation from CN10
auditory canal larynx pharynx oesophagus
49
location of somatic sensory cranial nerve fibres
run within the trigeminal sensory nucleus to the thalamus
50
location of motor nuclei in relation to sensory nuclei
``` motor = medial sensory = lateral ```
51
spinal tract
collection of descending white matter axons
52
spinal nucleus
collection of cell bodies
53
3 divisions of sensory nuclei from trigeminal nuclei
mesencephalic pontine spinal
54
pontine nucleus
- discriminative touch | - largest located in the pons
55
mesencephalic nucleus
- proprioception | - extends to midbrain
56
spinal nucleus
- touch and pressure (more rostral) | - pain and temperature (bottom)
57
trigeminothalamic pathway for pain and temperature
- enter pons via trigeminal ganglion - white matter fibres start to descend - synapses with second nucleic in the caudal spinal nucleus - secondary nucleus ascends contralaterally in the trigeminothalamic tract to VPM in the thalamus
58
trigeminothalamic pathway for crude touch and pressure
- enter pons via trigeminal ganglion - white matter fibres start to descend - synapses with second nucleic in the rostral spinal nucleus - secondary nucleus ascends contralaterally in the trigeminothalamic tract to VPM in the thalamus
59
Sensory consequences of a lesion affecting the lateral medulla
sensation from face: - loss of pain, temperature, touch and pressure on ispilateral side sensation from body - loss of pain, temperature, touch and pressure on contralateral side
60
fibres carrying pain and temperature pathways from body
spinothalamic pathway
61
fibres carrying pain and temperature pathways from head
trigeminothalamic pathway
62
trigeminothalamic pathway
- descends through medulla to spinal nucleus | - cross below entry
63
trigeminothalamic pathway for discriminatory touch
- Primary sensory neuron with cell body in trigeminal ganglion - Synapse with 2nd order neuron occurs at the pontine / chief nucleus in the pons - Axon crosses the midline to go to the oposite VPM of the thalamus
64
trigeminothalamic pathway for proprioception
- Cell bodies are not in the trigeminal ganglion (ONLY EXEPTION TO THE RULE) - They are instead located in the mesencephalic nucleus directly - From there, they make contact with another cell body of a second order neuron just beside it in the brainstem - This axon crosses the midline to go to the VPM in the thalamus

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