- dura mater - arachnoid mater - pia mater

- Acts as a shock absorber (protection) - Acts as a medium for circulation of nutrients - Waste removal

L3- Brain, Meninges Flashcards by Rosie Ziff

rostral

the front end of the body, specifically in the region of the nose and mouth

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caudal

towards the tail

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cortex

thin layer of grey matter on the outside of the brain

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ganglion

a collection of nerve cell bodies within the PNS

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lateral sulcus

separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

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central sulcus

separates the frontal and parietal lobes

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what is the corpus callous composed of

white matter

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what is the corpus callous part of

telencephalon

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what is the corpus callous supplied by

anterior cerebral artery

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function of corpus callosum

connects two hemispheres to ensure the sides of the brain communicate with one another

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which nervous system is the optic nerve part of

CNS

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3 meningeal layers

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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appearance of dura mater

tough
fibrous
protective

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appearance of arachnoid mater

thin
delicate
vascular
spider’s web

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appearance of Pia mater

microscopically thin

follows gyri and sulci

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what is the dura mater formed from

periosteal outer layer lining the inside of the skull and a meningeal layer

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periosteal dura mater

highly adhered to the dura of the skull

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meningeal dura mater

tightly adhered to the arachnoid space

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space between arachnoid mater and Pia mater

subarachnoid space containing CSF

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functions of CSF

Acts as a shock absorber (protection)
Acts as a medium for circulation of nutrients
Waste removal

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dural infoldings / partitions / septae

where the inner dural layer separates from the outer layer and protrude into the cranial cavity

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location of falx cerebri

located between the 2 cerebral hemispheres

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attachments of falx cerebri

frontally - crista galli

posteriorly - occipital bone

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which dural septum extends down between the two cerebral hemispheres

falx cerebri

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which dural septum extends between the occipital lobes of the hemispheres and the cerebellum

tentorium cerebelli

which dural septum protrudes into the cerebellar hemispheres

falx cerebelli

what is the function of the dural infoldings

Subdivide the cranial cavity and support the brain by limiting the rotational displacement of the brain

which dural venous sinus runs along the lines of the attachment of the tentorium cerebelli and the falx cerebri

superior sagital sinus

dural venous sinuses

spaces created due to separation of the dura layers

attachments of tentorium cerebelli

occipital bone along the grooves of the transverse sinuses

function of dural venous sinuses

reabsorbs venous blood and cerebrospinous fluid

epidural space

fat between bone and dura --> NOT IN THE CRANIUM

denticulate ligaments

pia mater ligaments which attach the spinal cord on either side to the arachnoid mater and then to the dura mater

potential space

not an actual space, except in pathological conditions

what are arachnoid granulations / villi

- Projections from the arachnoid which project into the sinuses in the superior surfaces of the brain - CSF returns to the venous system through these arachnoid villi

potential space in the cranial meninges

between the dura and arachnoid mater

subarachnoid space in the cranial meninges

between arachnoid and Pia mater

which vessel provides the arterial supply to the dura mater

meningeal artery

which artery supplies blood to the dura mater of the anterior cranial fossa

anterior meningeal arteries

which artery supplies blood to the dura mater of the middle cranial fossa

middle and accessory meningeal arteries

which artery supplies blood to the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa

posterior meningeal artery

why are there many C shaped structures in the brain

telencephalon over grows meaning it folds over the diencephalon, adopting a C shape

location of 3rd ventricle

between two thalami

location of 4th ventricle

between pons and cerebellum

where is the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle located

frontal lobe

where is the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle located

occipital lobe

which foramina attaches the lateral ventricles to the 3rd and 4tth ventricle

interventricular foramina / foramen of Monroe

foramen of Monroe

connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd and 4tth ventricle

what connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle

cerebral aqueduct

which foramen allow for the movement of CSF in the 4th ventriclr

- foramina of Luschka - lateral apertures | - foramen of Magendie - median apertures

where is the foramina of Luschka and the foramen of Magendie located

4th ventricle

choroid fissure

a collection of blood vessels and specialised cells located in-between the arachnoid and pita meter

function of choroid fissure

- filter blood from the capillaries - change ion concentration - removal of proteins - produce CSF

cisterns

expansions of the subarachnoid space

where are cisterns located

everywhere in the brain and spinal cord

favoured sampling site for CSF

lumbar cistern

why is the lumbar cistern the favoured sampling site for CSF

a needle can be inserted here with a relatively little risk of damaging the CNS as the spinal cord ends above this

how is CSF recycled back into the venous system

via the dural sinuses with the help of arachnoid villi

Hydrocephalus

Is CSF circulation is blocked, it accumulates upstream of the blockage

Hydrocephalus in children

- Ventricles will expand - In children, it can cause the skull to expand with the ventricles - will result in an enlarged brain

Hydrocephalus in adults

- Ventricles will expand | - In adults, bone cannot expand resulting in compression in the brain

if there is blockage in the in interventricular foramen, which ventricle will expand in hydrocephalus

lateral ventricles

ventricles in the brain

2 lateral ventricles 3rd ventricle 4th ventricle

where are the lateral ventricles located

in each hemisphere of the brain

what shape are the lateral ventricles

C shaped

what happens to the brain when a person has dementia

grey matter shrinkssulci and gyri become more prominent

maxillary bodies

part of the hypothalamus

where is the infundibulum / pituitary stalk located

behind the optic chiasma

what is the infundibulum / pituitary stalk

connected to the pituitary gland as is an extension of the diencephalon

collections of axons on the PNS

nerve

Fasciculus

a collection of axons in the CNS - Usually, part of a pathway that brings information from somewhere to somewhere else - Can be contained within tracts

tract

a bundle of axons and white matter sharing an origin and destination in the CNS

L3- Brain, Meninges Flashcards

(72 cards)