L1: Physiology of Reproduction Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
Introduction to Physiology of Reproduction
A
2
Q
Physiology of Reproduction
- Feedback Mechanisms
A
3
Q
Physiology of Reproduction
- What are Central Hormones?
A
- GnRH
- FSH & LH
4
Q
Chemical Nature of GnRH
A
Decapeptide (10 aa).
5
Q
Source of GnRH
A
- Preoptic & arcuate nuclei of hypothalamus
6
Q
Pattern of Secretion of GnRH
A
- Secreted in pulsatile fashion (every 60-90 minutes in follicular phase & every 3 hours in luteal phase).
7
Q
Transport of GnRH
A
To anterior pituitary via hypophyseal portal circulation.
8
Q
Half-Life of GnRH
A
2-4 min
9
Q
Action of GnRH
A
Synthesis, storage & release of gonadotropins (FSH & LH).
10
Q
Chemical Nature of FSH
A
11
Q
Source of FSH
A
Basophiles of anterior pituitary
12
Q
Receptors of FSH
A
Present on granulosa cells
13
Q
Half-Life of FSH
A
3-4 Hours
14
Q
Actions of FSH
A
15
Q
Clinical Uses of FSH
A
16
Q
Chemical Nature of LH
A
17
Q
Source of LH
A
Basophiles of anterior pituitary
18
Q
Receptors of LH
A
Present on theca cells at all stages of ovarian cycle & on granulosa cells in mature follicle under effect of FSH & estrogen
19
Q
Half-Life of LH
A
20 min
20
Q
Actions of LH
A
21
Q
Clincial Uses of LH
A
22
Q
Sources of Estrogen
A
23
Q
Types of Estrogen
A
24
Q
Metabolism of Estrogen
A
Metabolized in the liver and the end products are secreted in urine.
25
Actions of **Estrogen**
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Actions of **Estrogen**
- Local
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Local Actions of **Estrogen**
- Vascularity
increases the vascularity causing softening of the whole genital organs.
28
Local Actions of **Estrogen**
- Uterus
- causes proliferation and hyperplasia of the endornetriurn and myometriurn and responsible for proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle.
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Local Actions of **Estrogen**
- Tubes
- hyperplasia, hypertrophy, increases blood supply and motility of the tubes.
30
Local Actions of **Estrogen**
- Ovary
- helps in the mechanism of ovulation "by feed back mechanism with pituitary".
31
Local Actions of **Estrogen**
- Cervix
- increased amount decreased viscosity and cellularity (+Ve) Spinnbarkiet and Ferning)
32
Local Actions of **Estrogen**
- Vagina
- proliferation of the epithelial lining, increased vaginal acidity (by activation of the lactobacilli to convert glycogen into lactic acid).
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Actions of **Estrogen**
- Central
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Local Actions of **Estrogen**
- General
35
Levels & Peaks of **Estrogen**
Estrogen has 2 peaks: first peak just before ovulation and a second peak after C.L formation.
36
Sources of **Progesterone**
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Types of **Progesterone**
Only one type
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Metabolism of **Progesterone**
Metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine.
39
Actions of **Progesterone**
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Actions of **Progesterone**
- Local
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Local Actions of **Progesterone**
- Uterus
- Causes secretory endometrium (it must be prepared by estrogen).
"Progesterone is the hormone of pregnancy, responsible for maintenance of the decidua during early pregnancy and also uterine relaxation"
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Local Actions of **Progesterone**
- Tubes
it decreases motility.
43
Local Actions of **Progesterone**
- Cervix
decreased amount, so increased cellularity and viscosity [-ve Spinnbarkiet and Fernning].
44
Actions of **Progesterone**
- Central
- Inhibition of L.H and stimulate FSH release from the pituitary".
45
Local Actions of **Progesterone**
- General
46
Levels & Peaks of **Progesterone**
Progesterone has 1 peak: mid-luteal peak (after C.L formation).
47
**Androgens in Female**
- Source
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**Androgens in Female**
- Effects
49
Ovarian Peptides
50
Inhibin
- Nature
- Source
- Action
- Effect
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Activin
- Nature
- Source
- Action
- Effect
52
Two cell theory for estrogen formation
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Spinnbarkeit phenomenon
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Def of **Ovarian Cycle**
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Def of **Follicular Phase**
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Duration of **Follicular Phase**
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Steps of **Follicular Phase**
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Def of **Luteal Phase**
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Duration of **Luteal Phase**
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Steps of **Luteal Phase**
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Def of **Ovulation**
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Causes of **Ovulation**
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Stages of follicular growth
- **Primordial follicles:** Each follicle is 1ry oocyte arrested in prophase of 1st meiotic division & is surrounded by single layer of granulosa cells.
- **Preantral follicles.**
- **Antral follicles.**
- **Preovulatory follicle (mature Graffian follicle)**
64
Diameter of **Preovulatory follicle (mature Graffian follicle)**
18-24 mm
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Structure of **Preovulatory follicle (mature Graffian follicle)**
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Function of **Preovulatory follicle (mature Graffian follicle)**
- Production of estrogen.
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Fate of **Preovulatory follicle (mature Graffian follicle)**
Ovulation
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Stages (Types) of **Corpus Luteum**
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Stages (Types) of **Corpus Luteum**
- CL Proliference
- increased vascularization and functions of C.L after its formation with its maximum activity after 5 days and continue for 3-4 days.
70
Stages (Types) of **Corpus Luteum**
- CL Hemorrhagicum
Vascular Body
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Stages (Types) of **Corpus Luteum**
- CL of Pregnancy
- if fertilization occurs the new embryo releases HCG that prevents degeneration of C.L and continues for 3 months until formation of the placenta.
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Stages (Types) of **Corpus Luteum**
- CL Albicans
- if NO fertilization; there is degeneration of C.L and turns to fibrous tissues
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End of the Cycle
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End of the Cycle
- If No Pregnancy
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End of the Cycle
- If There is pregnancy
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Def of **Menstrual Cycle**
It is the cyclic changes occurring in the endometrium resulting in menstruation every month.
77
Def of **Menstruation**
It is periodic monthly shedding of the endometrium accompanied by blood loss.
78
Mechansism of **Menstrual Cycle**
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Contents of the menstrual flow
80
**Criteria of normal menstruation** (eumenorrhea)
- Amount
- Duration
- Normal Color
- Odor
- Control of Blood Loss
81
Phases of **Menstrual Cycle**
82
Phases of **Menstrual Cycle**
- Menstruation Phase
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Duration of Menstruation Phase
84
Causes of **Menstruation Phase**
85
Events in **Menstruation Phase**
86
Duration of **Resting Phase**
87
Events in **Resting Phase**
88
Events of **Proliferative Phase**
89
Causes of **Proliferative Phase**
90
Duration of **Secretory Phase**
91
Events of **Secretory Phase**
