L11: Barrier And Innate Immunity

Question 1

What are the physical barriers of immunity

Answer 1

Skin
Lung
Gut mucosa

Question 2

What are the active barrier defence in immunity

Answer 2

Cilia
Secretions
Antibacterial peptides

Question 3

What are commensal bacteria

Answer 3

Good bacteria

Question 4

Where are paneth cells located

Answer 4

Underneath epithelial cels of the gut

Question 5

What do paneth cells secrete

Answer 5

Antimicrobial peptides

Question 6

What cells are on top of epithelial cells

Answer 6

Mucosa

Question 7

What is the role of the mucosa

Answer 7

Trap bacteria

Question 8

Where are commensal bacteria found

Answer 8

On top of mucosa

Question 9

What happens when a pathogen breathes the barriers

Answer 9

It becomes in contact with the innate immune response

Question 10

Does the innate immune system have memory

Answer 10

No

Question 11

What does vasodilaiton create

Answer 11

Erythema

Question 12

What does increased vascular permeability create

Answer 12

Oedema

Question 13

What does cytokines create

Answer 13

Heat

Question 14

What does nerve stimulation create

Answer 14

Pain

Question 15

What does erythema and oedema allow

Answer 15

Cells to migrate from circulation to tissues

Question 16

What does heat produced by cytokines allow

Answer 16

Inhibit pathogen growth

Question 17

What does pain due to nerve stimulation allow

Answer 17

Withdrawal from insult

Question 18

Which cells of the innate immune system recognise the threat

Answer 18

Dendritic cells

Macrophages

Question 19

Which cells of the innate immune system engulf

Answer 19

Macrophages

Neutrophils

Question 20

Which cells of the innate immune system kill pathogen by releasing granules

Answer 20

Eosinophils
Mast cells
Basophils
Neutrophils

Question 21

What are granulocytes

Answer 21

Cells that have granules

Question 22

Name the cells of the granulocytes

Answer 22

Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils
Mast cells

Question 23

What cells do macrophages originate from

Answer 23

Monocytes

Question 24

What are macrophages involved in

Answer 24

Detects and phagocytosis

Question 25

What is the role of dendritic cells

Answer 25

Capture and process antigen

Question 26

In terms of MHC what do dendritic cells do

Answer 26

Break proteins to peptides | Peptides are on cells surface and present it on MHC to T cells in adaptive immunity

Question 27

What exactly are pathogens recognised by

Answer 27

Pattern recognition receptors

Question 28

What do PRR recognise on the pathogens

Answer 28

PAMPs

Question 29

What are the 4 families of PRR

Answer 29

Toll like Nucleotide oligotherisation receptros RIG-1 like receptors C typed lectin receptors

Question 30

What happens to the cell when PRRs recognise different pathogens

Answer 30

Stimulate the nucleus to produce cytokines

Question 31

What are the proteins of the innate immune system

Answer 31

Cytokines Acute phase proteins Complement proteins

Question 32

What is the role of cytokines

Answer 32

Modulate cell activity | Attract chemokines

Question 33

What is the role of acute phase protein

Answer 33

Present on pathogens

Question 34

What are the roles of complement proteins

Answer 34

Opsonisation Killing Activation Chemoattraction

Question 35

What are the types of cytokines

Answer 35

Pro inflammatory Anti inflammatory Influence cellular differentiation Direct cellular migration

Question 36

What can the action of cytokines be on cells

Answer 36

Autocrine Paracrine Endocrine

Question 37

What are the key cytokine families

Answer 37

``` Interferon Chemokine Tumour necrosis factor family Interleukin family Haematopoietins Transforming growth factor beta family ```

Question 38

What is opsonisation

Answer 38

A way of coating a pathogen to make it more visible to the immune system

Question 39

What are pathogens opsonised by

Answer 39

Complement proteins CRP and acute phase proteins Immunoglobulin

Question 40

What cell produces immunoglobulin

Answer 40

B cells

Question 41

What immune system is B cells part of

Answer 41

Adaptive immune system

Question 42

What are the 3 mechanisms of activating the complement system

Answer 42

Classical pathway Lectin pathway Alternative pathway

Question 43

What are the consequences of the complement activation

Answer 43

``` Inflammation Cytolysis Opsonisation Chemotaxis Inactivation of complement ```