L17: B Cell Development And The Functions Of Antibodies

Question 1

What are the chains are antibodies

Answer 1

Heavy chain

Light chain

Question 2

What is hyper igm syndrome

Answer 2

When there are high levels of igm but low levels of igg, iga, ige

Question 3

What is the hyper igm syndrome due to

Answer 3

Mutation in the CD40 ligand or AICDA gene

Question 4

What is the treatment for hyper igm syndrome

Answer 4

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy

Question 5

Which cells are antibodies derived from

Answer 5

B cells

Question 6

Where do B cells come from

Answer 6

Bone marrow

Question 7

Where does negative and positive selection occur in the antibody

Answer 7

Bone marrow

Question 8

What are the 2 types of light chains

Answer 8

Kappa

Lambda

Question 9

Which chain has gene rearrangement first

Answer 9

Heavy chain

Question 10

What are the gene segments of the heavy chain

Answer 10

V
D
J
C

Question 11

Which B cell are heavy chain present on

Answer 11

Pro-b cell

Question 12

After heavy chain rearrangement which chain is rearranged

Answer 12

Light chain

Question 13

Which gene segments of the light chain are rearranged

Answer 13

V
J
C

Question 14

Which cell is the light chain expressed on

Answer 14

Pre B cell

Question 15

When both chains are expressed what are they expressed on the immature B cell

Answer 15

Igm

Question 16

When do B cells mature

Answer 16

When they express igm and IgD

Question 17

Which enzyme brings the gene segments together in gene rearrangement

Answer 17

RAG enzyme

Question 18

What are the 2 main responses that allow the production of antibody

Answer 18

T independent antibody response

T dependent antibody response

Question 19

What type of antibody is made in an t independent antibody response

Answer 19

IgM

Question 20

What cell does the t dependent antibody responce involve to make antibodies

Answer 20

T cells

Question 21

What type of antibodies are produced in an t dependent antibody responce

Answer 21

Igm
Igg
IgD
Iga
Ige

Question 22

Which antibody response allows a higher affinity

Answer 22

T dependent antibody response

Question 23

Which antibody response allows for memory

Answer 23

T dependent antibody response

Question 24

What are the 5 types of antibodies

Answer 24

Igm 
IgD
Igg
Ige
Iga

Question 25

Which type of antibody is present in naive/mature B cells

Answer 25

Igm | IgD

Question 26

Which antibodies is present in memory B cells

Answer 26

Igg

Question 27

Which antibody is present on mast cells

Answer 27

Ige

Question 28

Which antibody is present in the mucosa serum

Answer 28

Iga

Question 29

Which is the most abundant antibody in the serum

Answer 29

Igg

Question 30

Which antibodies are involved in activating the complement system by the classical pathway

Answer 30

Igg(1-3) | Igm

Question 31

Which antibodies are transferred in placenta

Answer 31

Igg (1-3)

Question 32

Which antibody only binds to mast cells and basophils

Answer 32

Ige

Question 33

What type of structure does igm have

Answer 33

Pentamer

Question 34

What type of structure does iga have

Answer 34

Dimer

Question 35

What structure is an iga in in the blood

Answer 35

Monomer

Question 36

When does iga become dimerised

Answer 36

When being secreted from the mucosa

Question 37

Which part of the antigen does antibodies bind to

Answer 37

Epitope

Question 38

What are the main functions of the antibodies

Answer 38

``` Immune complex formation Neutralisation Opsonisation Complement activation Direct cell activation by fc receptors Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity ```

Question 39

How is an immune complex formed

Answer 39

When antibodies cross link antigens to form a cluster

Question 40

Which cells recognise an immune complex and clear it

Answer 40

Phagocytes

Question 41

What are phagocytes

Answer 41

Macrophages | Neutrophils

Question 42

What is neutralisation via antibodies

Answer 42

Antibodies binds to bacterial toxins so that they cannot interact with cell receptors and enter the cell

Question 43

What is opsonisation via antibodies

Answer 43

Antibodies bind to the pathogen to make it more visible for other immune cells

Question 44

Which pathway does an antibody/antigen complex activate in the complement system

Answer 44

Classical pathway

Question 45

What types of pathogen does an antibody bind to activate the classical pathway

Answer 45

Bacteria

Question 46

Which antibodies are involved in the activation fo the complement

Answer 46

Igg (1-3) | Igm

Question 47

What is direct cell activation by fc receptors

Answer 47

Antigens cannot bind to fc receptors on macrophages | Antibodies binds to fc receptors on macrophages to activate it

Question 48

Which part of the antibody binds to the fc receptors

Answer 48

Fc domain

Question 49

What is the antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

Answer 49

1) antibodies bind to the surface of the target cell 2) fc receptor on NK cell recognise the FC domain of the antibody 3) NK cells release cytokines to the target cell to kill the pathogen by apoptosis

Question 50

What are the types of antibodies that we can produce in a lab

Answer 50

Monoclonal antibody | Polyclonal antibody

Question 51

What is the specificity of an monoclonal antibody

Answer 51

Single specificity

Question 52

What is the specificity of polyclonal antibodies

Answer 52

Many specificity