L18: T And B Cell Co-operation

Question 1

What antibodies does naive B cells have on their surface

Answer 1

Igm

IgD

Question 2

What antibodies does activated B cells have on their surface

Answer 2

Igg
Ige
Iga

Question 3

What are the 2 responses that occur when you give someone a vaccination then a booster in a t dependent response

Answer 3

Primary response

Secondary response

Question 4

What happens to the antibody levels in the primary response

Answer 4

Increase then decrease a little bit but doesn’t not level back to 0

Question 5

What happens to the antibody levels in the secondary response

Answer 5

Antibody levels increase more and faster

Question 6

Before immunisation which antibodies are present

Answer 6

Igm

Igg

Question 7

After immunisation which antibodies are more present

Answer 7

Igg

Iga

Question 8

In a vaccination with a t independent response what happen to the antibody levels in the primary response

Answer 8

Increase then go back to 0

Question 9

What happens in the secondary response in a vaccination with t independent response

Answer 9

The same thing in the primary response

Question 10

Which cells activate CD4 T cells

Answer 10

Dendritic cells

Question 11

Which cells activate B cells

Answer 11

CD4 T cells

Question 12

What are the primary lymphoid tissue

Answer 12

Bone marrow

Thymus

Question 13

What are the secondary lymphoid tissue

Answer 13

Spleen

Lymph nodes

Question 14

From which vessels does dendritic cells enter into the lymph node

Answer 14

Afferent lymph vessels

Question 15

From which layer in the lymph node does the adaptive immune response start

Answer 15

Para cortex (t zone)

Question 16

From which vessels does the t and B cells enter from

Answer 16

High endothelial vessels

Question 17

Where are the B cell area follicular dendritic cells

Answer 17

In the cortex

Question 18

What other structures is in the cortex

Answer 18

Germinal centre

Question 19

Where does somatic hyper mutation and class switching occur

Answer 19

In the germinal centres

Question 20

What are the 2 types of pulp the spleen contains

Answer 20

Red pulp

White pulp

Question 21

What does the red pulp contain

Answer 21

Red blood cells
Platelets
Macrophages

Question 22

What does the white pulp contain

Answer 22

Most lymphocytes

Question 23

What are the zones/layers in the white pulp

Answer 23

T zone

Follicle

Question 24

What are in the t done

Answer 24

Dendritic cells
T cells
B cells

Question 25

What are in the follicles

Answer 25

Germinal centres

Question 26

Which antibodies are produced in the t dependent antibody response

Answer 26

Igg Iga Ige

Question 27

What are the affinity of the antibodies in t dependent antibody response

Answer 27

High affinity

Question 28

What are the main antibodies produced in the t independent response

Answer 28

Igm

Question 29

What is the affinity of the antibodies in the t independent response

Answer 29

Low

Question 30

At which centre does the t dependent antibody response occur

Answer 30

Germinal centre

Question 31

Where does the t independent response occur

Answer 31

Outside the follicles

Question 32

What do B cells do when they encounter an antigen

Answer 32

1) B cell receptors bind to antigen 2) antigen becomes internalises and degraded into peptide fragments 3) fragments become represented on the MHC class 2 3) MHC class 2 is recognised by CD4 T helper cell

Question 33

How do CD4 follicular T cells become activated

Answer 33

When they encounter MHC class 2 on dendritic cells

Question 34

When CD4 follicular T cells are activated what do they recognise

Answer 34

MHC class 2 on the B cells

Question 35

What happens to the B cells when they are activated

Answer 35

Migrate to the germinal centres in the follicle for a t-dependent response Or migrate to the extra-follicular for a t- independent response

Question 36

When does the B cell enter the extrafollicular cells for a t-independent response

Answer 36

When B cells don’t interact with dendritic cells and t follicular helper cells

Question 37

Which antibodies are produced in the germinal centres

Answer 37

Igg Iga Ige

Question 38

What are the 2 key processes that occur in the germinal centres

Answer 38

Somatic hyper mutation | Class switching

Question 39

Which cells are involved in the germinal centres

Answer 39

Centroblasts Centrocytes Follicular dendritic cells Follicular t helper cells

Question 40

What are the 2 zones in the germinal centres

Answer 40

Light zone | Dark zone

Question 41

Which zone are centroblasts found in

Answer 41

Dark zone

Question 42

Which zone are centrocytes found in

Answer 42

Light zone

Question 43

Where are follicular dendritic cells found in

Answer 43

The light zone

Question 44

Describe what happens in the t dependent response in the germinal centres

Answer 44

1) in the dark zone centroblasts undergo somatic hyper mutation by the AID gene on the v region 2) centroblasts move into the light zone to become centrocytes 3) centrocytes with high affinity interact with the follicular dendritic cells that present antigen on them 4) t follicular helper cells provide signal to the centrocytes 5) centrocytes become plasma cells or memory cells 6) the centrocytes also undergo class swithching by the AID gene which act on the c region 7) immunoglobulin changes to IGG, IGA,IGE 8) plasma cells then release igg,iga ige