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CAPS 390 > L33. Male Reproductive 1 > Flashcards

L33. Male Reproductive 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 components in a male reproductive organ?

A
  1. testes
  2. genital ducts
  3. accessory genital glands
  4. penis
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2
Q

Name the endocine and exocrine functions of the testes

A

exocrine: spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules
endocrine: testosterone (Leydig cells)

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3
Q

Are the accessory genital glands endocrine or exocrine

A

exocrine

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4
Q

What is the dual function of the penis

A
  1. urinary conduct

2. semen release

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5
Q

Describe the histology of the testis

A
  1. dense connective tissues of the capsule and septa
    a. capsule is thick/white/collaganous
    b. septae divides testicular tissues into lobules
  2. lobules contains loose connective tissue and semniferous tubules
    a. loose connective tissue: contains Leydig cells (secrete testosterone)
    b. semniferous tubules - lined by supportive simple columnar Sertoli cells AND germ cells embedded in epithelium
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6
Q

Draw the structure of the testes. Include

Vas deferens,epididymis, Rete Testis, Tunica albuginea, seminiferous tubules, testicular lobules and septum

A

pg 3a. L 33.

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7
Q

What is the tunica albuginea

A

It is the dense connective tissue that forms the capsule in the testes

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8
Q

What is a Leydig cell island

A

consists of a cluster of steriodogenic cells and embedded in highly VASCULARIZED loose CT

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9
Q

What stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone

A

Leutinizing hormones

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10
Q

Draw how testosterone is eventually secreted by Leydig cells due to LH.

A

pg 4a L 33

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11
Q

How do LH stimulate Leydig cells

A
  1. LH binds to the receptors on the LEydig cells
  2. stimulates a G-protein coupled cAMP cascade
  3. cAMP (messanger) activates protein kinase which activates cholesterol esterases which cleaves free cholesterol
  4. free cholesterol enters the mitochondria where there is a lipid transfer protein ( binds to pregnenolone) that carries the lipid to the SER
  5. SER makes the steroid which leaves the cell to the loose CT
  6. testosterone gets picked up by fenestrated capillaries and nearby Sertoli cells
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12
Q

What does steriodogenesis require

A

cholesterol/lipid based transport between the mitochondria and SER

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13
Q

What are the 3 developing germ cells ( name locations)

A
  1. spermatogonia (basal)
  2. spermatocyte (ad luminal)
  3. spermatotid (luminal)
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14
Q

Where does male germ cell development occur

A

basal to luminal across seminiferous epithelium

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15
Q

What cells are the developing germ cells in contact with?

A

Sertoli cells via cell-cell junctions

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16
Q

What is spermatogonia?

A
  1. basal stem cells ( diploid)

2. testosterone responsible for proliferation and differentiation

17
Q

What are spermatocytes

A
  1. undergo meiosis to become haploid
  2. migrate across tight junctions of the seminiferous epithelium to the adluminal compartment ( protected from the immune system)
18
Q

What are spermatids?

A
  1. they are luminel (haploid)

2. undergo morphological differentiation (spermiogenesis) to become spermatozoa

19
Q

What are spermatozoa?

A
  1. haploid
  2. not yet motile
  3. released into the seminiferous tubule lumen which is filled with nutritive Sertoli cell secretions/fluids
20
Q

Draw the tissue structure of the developing germ cell layers defining clearly the basal and adluminal compartment

A

pg 6a L 33

21
Q

How do developing germ cells contact each other

A

cytoplasmic bridges

22
Q

How do developing germ cells contact Sertoli cells

A

adhesive junctions

23
Q

how long is the wave for germ cell development

A

64 days

24
Q

How are the spermatogonia and spermatocytes separated

A

separated by an adluminal immunoprotected junction filled with tight junctions

25
Q

Is the basal compartment of the lobules of the testes immunocompetent or immunrotected

A

immunocompetent

26
Q

Describe the components to the spermatozoa

A
  1. head- contains nucleus (condensed chromatin) and acrosome ( modified lysosome)
  2. neck - contains centrioles (root of axoneme)
  3. midpiece- rich in mitochondria for ATP production
  4. annulus-9 outer pairs 2 central pairs:axoneme(drives flagellar motility)
  5. tail - flagellar for motility -axoneme and densa fibers (intermediate filaments)
27
Q

Draw the spermatozoa label all compnents

A

pg 6b. L 33

28
Q

What is the axoneme

A

component of the spermatozao that contains 9 outer pairs and 2 central pairs needed for flagellar motion

29
Q

What are the 2 primary purposes of genital ducts

A
  1. collect/transport spermatozoa

2. collect and modify tubular/ductular fluid

30
Q

What are the 2 branches of genital ducts

A

intratesticular ducts

extratesticular ducts

31
Q

What are the 2 intratesticular ducts

A
  1. rete testis

2. ductuli efferntes

32
Q

Describe the function of rete testis

A
  1. passive transport of spermatozoa(non-motile) by bulk flow of Sertoli cell secretions and myoid cell contractions
  2. net-like network of tubes that collect spermatozoa and move them through the tunica albuginea
  3. lined by simple cubodial epithelium
33
Q

Describe the function of the ductuli efferentes

A
  1. weak active transport of non-motile spermatozoa
  2. thin layer of smooth muscle in wall (peristaltic; facilitates flow out of the seminiferous tubules/rete testis)
  3. simple ‘scalloped’ epithelium
    a. cubodial cells: resorptive (initiate flow out of the S. tubule)- move fluid
    b. columnar cells are ciliated (beat and facilitate flow out of the seminiferous tubule) - move spermatozoa
34
Q

What are the 3 extratesticular ducts?

A
  1. epidiymis
  2. vas deferens
  3. ejaculatory ducts
35
Q

What is the function of the epidymis

A
  1. stores the spermatozoa
  2. prominent circularly arranged smooth muscles in walls : initiates active ejaculatory transport of spermatozoa towards the vas deferens
  3. has a pseudostraified epithelium
36
Q

Describe the pseudostratified epithelium layer of the epididymis

A
  1. basal stem cells
  2. principal cells with stereocilia (non-motile microvili to increase surface area)
    - resorb excess luminal fluid
    - phagocytose excess spermatozoan cytoplasm
37
Q

Describe the vas deferens

A
  1. epithelium similar to epididymis
  2. 3 thick layers of smooth muscle
    - powerful rhythmic contractions for active ejaculation of spermatozoa
    - initiated by sympathetic nervous system (short lived response)
38
Q

Describe the ejaculatory ducts

A
  1. similar epithelium to the epididymis
  2. no smooth muscle in the wall; passive flow from the vas deferens
  3. passes through prostate : deleivers spermatozoa and seminal fluid to the urethra below the bladder
39
Q

—–page 10 continue—–

A

—–page 10 continue—–

CAPS 390 (35 decks)

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