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CAPS 390 > L35. Female reproductive 1 > Flashcards

L35. Female reproductive 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the external female genitalia

A
  • vestibule
  • labia Majora
  • labia minora
  • clitoris
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1
Q

What are the internal female reproductive organs

A
  • ovaries
  • oviduct
  • uterus
  • vagina
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2
Q

What does the female reproductive system consists of ?

A

Internal reproductive organs
External genitalia
Mammary glands

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3
Q

When do the organs in the female reproductive system become functional and non functional respectively ?

A

Menarche and menopause

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4
Q

What controls the development and function of the female reproductive system?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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5
Q

Describe the ovaries

A
  • paired organs located behind the pelvis
  • 3cm long and 2 cm wide
  • suspended by the mesovarium
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6
Q

Describe the mesovarium

A
  • folds of the peritoneum that line the abdominal cavity
  • contains loose connective tissue and blood vessels and nerves
  • covered by simple squamous epithelium
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7
Q

State from outside to inside the ovarian histology

A
  • germinal epithelium
  • tunica albuginea
  • cortex
  • medulla
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8
Q

Describe the germinal epithelium

A
  • simple squamous epithelium
  • continuous with the peritoneal mesothelium
  • wounded during ovulation
  • can be trapped within the connective tissue stroma of the ovary to form cyst
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9
Q

Describe the tunica albuginea

A

Dense irregular connective tissue below the germinal epithelium. The stroma.

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10
Q

Describe the cortex in the ovary

A
  • loose connective tissues
  • follicular and follicle development
  • corpus luteum formation and degradation
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11
Q

Describe the mesoderm of the ovary

A
  • Loose connective tissue

- highly vascular

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12
Q

When is the follicular phase in the mistrial cycle

A

Day 1-14

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13
Q

During the beginning of the menstrual cycle how many primordial follicles start and actually develop

A

20-50 primordial follicles develop in both ovaries but only one of this primordial follicles develop into a graffian follicle prior to ovulation

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14
Q

Describe the primordial follicle

A
  • 400000 present at menarche
  • oocyte completes meiosis only after fertilization
  • surrounded by a simple squamous epithelium of follicular cells
  • at the beginning of each ovarian cycle there are 20-50 primordial follicles that will develop into the primary follicle
  • differentiation is driven by the para crime factors in the ovary.
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16
Q

Describe the primary follicle

A
  • oocyte increases in size. Secretes the glycoproteins that forms the zona pellucida
  • ZP3 glycoprotein in the zona pellucida acts as s ligand that binds to receptors in the spe m head after capacitation of the spermatozoa in the uterus or oviduct
  • surrounding follicle cells become cubodial and multilayer
17
Q

What are granulosa cells

A

They are cells surrounding follicular cells that become cubodial and multi-layer. produce aromayase which converts androsterone ( seceted by the theca interna) to estrogren

18
Q

What is the theca interna

A

component of the primary follicle, surrounding cells ensheath the follicle and is involved in estrogen production, it is well vascularized
- (theca interna) become steriodogenic; they synthesize and secrete small amounts of progesterone and androstenedione;

19
Q

What are the components of the primary follicle

A
  1. oocyte
  2. zona pellucida
  3. granulosa cells
  4. theca interna
  5. theca externa
20
Q

What are the components in the primordial follicle

A
  1. oocyte

2. squamous follicular cells

21
Q

What is the theca externa

A

It is a component in the primary follicule. an outer layer of stromal cells condense around the theca interna which is the theca externa
- they are modified fibroblast that lay down teh ECM and are slightly contractile

22
Q

Describe the components f the secondary follicle

A
  1. oocyte
  2. granulosa cells
  3. zona pellucida
  4. antrum (fluid filled with chamber)
  5. theca interna
23
Q

What happens in the secondary follicle

A
  1. FSH from the anterior pituitary drives differentiation of the granulosa cells
  2. liquid starts to pool between grnulosa cells (liquid folliculi) this generates spaces between granulosa cells =antra
  3. liquor folliculi contains plasma exudate as well as proteoglycans, GAGs, locally acting paracrine factors and estrogen – all of which is secreted by the granulosa cells
24
Q

What are the components of the graafian follicle

A
  1. oocyte
  2. granulosa cells
  3. zona pellucida
  4. theca interna
  5. antrum
  6. corona radiate
25
Q

Describe the Graafian follicle

A
  1. follicule increases in size
  2. all the antra come together to form a large antrum
  3. oocyte is pushed to a side and surrounded by a thin layer of granulosa cells = corona radiata
  4. high estrogen level causes negative feedback on the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus to decrease FSH production.
  5. Graafian follicle also produces inhibin which feeds back negatively -> the lagging secondary follicles degenerate and become fibrotic : atretic follicles
  6. LH secretions by the anterior pituitary surges
26
Q

Describe what happens during ovulation

A
  • LH surge increases blood flow to the ovaries
  • histamine/prostagladin is produced by the theca interna endothelial cells
  • capillaries in the theca interna leak plasma resulting in swelling/edema
  • collagenous and plasminogen activator produced by the theca exterana stormal cells leads to ECM digestion between the Graafian follicle and the tunica albuginea
  • theca externa cells contract, pressure present between the granulosa cell layer and ruptured germinal epithelium
  • the oocyte, corona radiata and liquor folliculi are expelled into the pelvic cavity
  • oocyte enters oviduct through fimbrae
27
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy

A

if the oocyte remains in the abdominopelvic cavity and is fertilized there , it may implant and develop

28
Q

What happens in the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

A

-cells from the theca interna, granulosa cells from the Graafian cycle respond to the increase in LH and a secondary increase in FSH to differentiate into the granulosa lutein and theca lutien within the highly vascularized corpus luteum

29
Q

What is the corpus luteum

A
  • compose of the theca lutein and inner Granulosa lutein
  • theca lutein: produces small amounts of progesterone and large amount of androsterndione
  • inner Granulosa lutein: converts the androsterndione to large amounts of estrogen and progesterone made de novo
30
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur

A
  • high steroid production from the inner Granulosa lutein and theca lutein feedback negatively to decrease LH and FSH production.
  • no pregnancy: degradation of the cropus luteum and becomes collagenous in the last few days of the luteal cycle = corpus albicans
31
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy occurs

A

placenta would produce the hcG which maintains the corpus luteum through the first trimester until it produces its own steroids

32
Q

Where does the female reproductive tract open to

A

vestibule with urethra surrounded by the vulva

33
Q

What is the vestibule

A
  • stratified squamous
  • many small glands in the lamina propria
  • serous,mucous and prostate like secretions that are stimulated upon sexual arousal
34
Q

What is the vulva

A

folds of skin surrounding the vestibule, sebacous glands, mahora lateral and minora medial

35
Q

What is the clitoris?

A

contains 2 corpora of erectile tissue at enterior most aspect of the ventricle ;
highly innervated with Pacinian and Meissner corpuscles for sensory based arousal

CAPS 390 (35 decks)

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