L13. Nervous System

Question 1

What is the CNS?

Answer 1

The CNS is a conveyor of information that can be divided or organized into different parts

Question 2

What is a neuron

Answer 2

It is a specialized unique structure that transmits information ( in the CNS)

Question 3

What are the functions of a neuron?

Answer 3

1. stores information: learning
2. memory
3. coordinate body activities
4. detect and analyze sensory information

Question 4

Which embryonic layer is the neuron derived from?

Answer 4

It is derived from the ectoderm layer

Question 5

What constitutes the CNS

Answer 5

brain , spinal cord

Question 6

What constitutes the PNS

Answer 6

all the nerves in the body:

spinal, autonomic, enteric

Question 7

Describe the information flow in the nervous system

Answer 7

sensory info (PNS)-> CNS (brain+spinal cord)-> PNS (neuron)

Question 8

How can the Nervous system be divided into?

Answer 8

1. diff regions dedicated to diff parts of the body
2. diff regions serving diff modes or information
3. somatotopic organization

Question 9

What is a sematotopic organization

Answer 9

1. consists of bumps of gyri ( provide greater SA for increased motor function
   a. precentral gyrus
   b.postcentral gyrus
2. grooves known as sulci
   (central sulcus)

Question 10

What is grey matter?

Answer 10

nerve cell bodies

Question 11

What is white matter?

Answer 11

tracts of myelinated nerve fibers

Question 12

What are the 2 types nerves?

Answer 12

1. sensory nerves - info to CNS
   sensory=afferent (towards)
2. motor nerves -info away from CNS
   motor=efferent (away from)

Question 13

examples of sensory information

Answer 13

1. olfactory
2. pain
3. touch
4. temperature
5. proioception ( limb position)
6. vision

Question 14

examples of motor information

Answer 14

1. effector muscles ( skeletal, cardiac, smooth)

2. glands (bladder, adrenal medulla)

Question 15

What are the 2 classification of nerves.

Answer 15

1. somatic nerves

2. visceral nerves

Question 16

What are the functions of somatic nerves ( in terms of sensory and motor neurons)

Answer 16

1. sensory info is consciously perceived
2. motor action is voluntary
3. single neuron connection

Question 17

What are the functions of visceral nerves ( in terms of sensory and motor neurons)

Answer 17

1. sensory info is unconscious
2. motor action is involuntary
3. multiple connections in CNS

Question 18

Draw the autonomic and somatic nervous system

Answer 18

L13, pg 9b

Question 19

What are the 2 autonomic divisions

Answer 19

1. sympathetic division

2. parasympathetic division

Question 20

What is the sympathetic division involved in?

Answer 20

1. fight or flight
2. catabolic reactions
3. mobilize stored energy

Question 21

What is the parasympathetic division involved in?

Answer 21

1. rest and relax
2. anabolic
3. growth and tissue repair

Question 22

Daw the midbrain,ganglion,cervical, thoracic lumbar and sacral connections

Answer 22

L13 pg 11

Question 23

What is the similarities between the sympathetic and parasympathetic system?

Answer 23

have chain of cells located outside the spinal cord (ganglion)

Question 24

What are the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic system?

Answer 24

1. function (catabolic vs anabolic)
2. origin of the nerve cell bodies
   parasympathetic: cervical, sacral
   sympathetic: thoracic,lumbar

Question 25

What are the 3 categories of nervous tissues?

Answer 25

1. neurons 2. glia 3. support cells

Question 26

What are glia cells?

Answer 26

1. non-excitable cells of neural origin 2. enhance transmission efficiency 3. wrap around axons

Question 27

What are support cells?

Answer 27

1. blood vessels (endothelium/fibroblast) | 2. microglia ( immune cells of the CNS)

Question 28

What is in the cell body of the neuron?

Answer 28

1. prominent nucleolus (makes ribosome) 2. cytoplasm: cytoskeleton, organelles 3. nissl substance ribosome rich RER 4. has dendrites and axon

Question 29

What is a Nissl stain?

Answer 29

1.reacts with acid ( DNA,RNA, tRNA,rRNA)

Question 30

What are the 4 major parts of the cell?

Answer 30

1. soma (cell body) 2. dendrites (receptive region) 3. axons (conductive region) 4. terminal ( synaptic ending)

Question 31

Draw a nerve cell -- focus on the cell body

Answer 31

pg 15

Question 32

What is the alternative name of a cell body of a nerve?

Answer 32

perikaryon

Question 33

What are dendrites? (function)

Answer 33

``` 1, receptive region of the cell 2. conductive impulses towards the cell 3. some contents similar to soma: have mitochondria,SER, microtubules,neurofilaments 4. lack of golgi complex ```

Question 34

What are axons?(function)

Answer 34

1. conductive region of the cell 2.send impulses away from cell body 3.mitochondria, SER 4.no RER 5. microtubule: axonal transport (BIDIRECTIONAL) moves vesicles and proteins recycles structural components anterograde and retrograde transport

Question 35

What is the effector region in the axon terminal?

Answer 35

neuron contact between target gland, muscle or neuron

Question 36

What are the 3 synapse in the axon terminal?

Answer 36

1. pre-synaptic terminal (delivers NT) 2. post-synaptic terminal (receives NT) 3. synaptic cleft (intracellular space)